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. 2025 May 20;13:1430222. doi: 10.3389/fbioe.2025.1430222

TABLE 5.

Ablation results for key features in the proposed model.

Experiment Component removed Accuracy (AID) Accuracy (UCM) F1 score (AID) F1 score (UCM)
Full model No 97.90% 98.90% 93.60% 94.16%
Without MRF Replaced with FCM 92.50% 90.30% 92.10% 89.80%
Without spectral-spatial features Removed 89.80% 87.60% 89.20% 86.90%
Without Haralick features Removed 90.30% 88.20% 89.70% 87.50%
Without Bilateral Filter Removed 85.60% 83.20% 85.10% 82.70%