Skip to main content
. 2025 May 29;18:1801–1808. doi: 10.2147/DMSO.S518629

Table 3.

Association of PINP as a Continuous Variable and Quartiles with DR

PINP (Quartile) Model 1 Model 2
OR (95% CI) P-value OR (95% CI) P-value
Q1 (<25.59) 1.00 (Reference) 1.00 (Reference)
Q2 (25.59, 33.60) 0.631 (0.380~1.045) 0.074 0.501 (0.280~0.894) 0.019
Q3 (33.61, 43.05) 0.430 (0.255~0.727) 0.002 0.289 (0.157~0.533) <0.001
Q4 (>43.05) 0.124 (0.062~0.247) <0.001 0.077 (0.036~0.165) <0.001

Notes: Model 1: Unadjusted; Model 2: Adjusted for age, duration of diabetes, FPG, Cr.