Gaps and Challenges	Recommendations and Solutions
Limited inclusion of Latin American individuals in genomic studies Some progress in PTSD, SCZ, BD, and MDD Dominance of US-Based cohorts Urgent need for focused research in Latin America	Consortia-building efforts, community-engaged research and funding sources Engage local consortia, such as the LAGC, to facilitate genomic studies Establish partnerships with patients, families, and advocates, via community based participatory research (CBPR) or Patient Advisory Boards (PAB) Engage local researchers and provide genotyping/sequencing support Public and private funding to support local research efforts
Lack of diversity in the researcher workforce Research leadership does not reflect the studied population (i.e. first or last authorship) Limited cultural sensitivity and ethical considerations	Training and career development programs Train early-career stage LMIC researchers in advanced analysis Provide funding opportunities Develop training programs that avoid brain drain from the area
Biocolonialism and mistrust LMIC researchers may be asked to provide data without significant involvement Unequal benefit sharing as discoveries may benefit only high-income countries Neglected translation of scientific output	Capacity building and equitable and sustainable collaborations Resources to conduct studies locally Local workshops to provide specialized training Funding support for infrastructure
Lack of methodology and reference panels to account for complex admixture Latin Americans have a heterogeneous ancestral composition This complexity often leads to their exclusion due to concerns of population stratification Fine-mapping more challenging due to heterogeneity in LD and effect sizes	Novel methods and reference panels Methods must take admixture into account Expanded reference panels for indigenous populations with ethical and local partnerships New statistical fine-mapping methods are needed
Heterogeneity of outcomes and diagnosis assessment Differences in the phenotype definition and information sources (e.g. medical records, self-reported) may lead to inconsistent results.	Appropriate and standardized assessments Develop standardized outcome measures Consider the cultural context