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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2025 Jun 3.
Published in final edited form as: Contemp Clin Trials. 2025 Apr 10;153:107909. doi: 10.1016/j.cct.2025.107909

Table 3.

Baseline participant characteristics by intervention arm.

Characteristics Participant N = 779, Teams N = 285 Arm A N = 258, Teams N = 95 Arm B N = 261, Teams N = 95 Arm C N = 260, Teams N = 95

Demographics
 Age, Mean (SD) 58.1 (16.8) 56.2 (17.6) 58.9 (16.4) 59.3 (16.1)
Gender, n (col %)
 Male 198 (25.4) 64 (24.8) 69 (26.4) 65 (25.0)
 Female 581 (74.6) 194 (75.2) 192 (73.6) 195 (75.0)
*Race/Ethnicity, n (col %)
 Non-Hispanic White 415 (53.3) 123 (47.7) 149 (57.1) 143 (55.0)
 Non-Hispanic Black 283 (36.3) 99 (38.4) 72 (27.6) 112 (43.1)
 Hispanic 34 (4.4) 10 (3.9) 22 (8.4) 2 (0.8)
 Asian 38 (4.9) 22 (8.5) 13 (5.0) 3 (1.2)
 Other 9 (1.2) 4 (1.6) 5 (1.9) 0
***Household income, n (col %)
 $39,999 or less 106 (16.8) 26 (12.4) 48 (22.7) 32 (15.2)
 $40,000 to $99,999 297 (47.1) 102 (48.8) 93 (44.1) 102 (48.6)
 $100,000 or higher 227 (36.0) 81 (38.8) 70 (33.2) 76 (36.2)
Medical History and Health Behaviors BMI in category, n (col %)
 Normal (< 25) 170 (21.8) 56 (21.7) 67 (25.7) 47 (18.1)
 Overweight (25–29.9) 245 (31.5) 85 (32.9) 79 (30.3) 81 (31.2)
 Obese (30+) 364 (46.7) 117 (45.3) 115 (44.1) 132 (50.8)
 Hypertension, n (col %) 329 (42.2) 102 (39.5) 107 (41.0) 120 (46.2)
 Diabetes, n (col %) 121 (15.5) 39 (15.1) 35 (13.4) 47 (18.1)
** Ever smoked cigarettes, n (col %) 216 (27.7) 59 (22.9) 71 (27.2) 86 (33.1)
Step count at baseline
 Mean (SD) 5371.4 (1609.6) 5415.1 (1578.2) 5235.2 (1650.0) 5464.6 (1596.3)
 Range (median) 1300 to 8300 (5600) 1300 to 8200 (5600) 1600 to 8300 (5400) 1700 to 8300 (5700)
Family team size
 Mean (SD) 3.2 (1.5) 3.1 (1.3) 3.3 (1.6) 3.2 (1.6)
 Range (median) 2 to 9 (3) 2 to 7 (3) 2 to 9 (3) 2 to 9 (3)
*

The difference of distribution between arms is significant p < 0.0001.

**

The difference of distribution between arms is significant p < 0.05.

***

There are 149 (19.1 %) subjects having missing values.