. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2026 Jan 22.

Published in final edited form as: Neonatology. 2025 Jan 22;122(3):319–328. doi: 10.1159/000543605

Table 4.

MRI related patient’s characteristics

MRI data	Control n=10	Grade 1 BPD n=19	Grade 2 BPD n=32	Grade 3 BPD n=44	P values
Respiratory support at time of MRI, n (%)^*
Room air	10 (100)	13 (68)	0	0
Nasal canula	0	6 (32)	8 (25)	3 (7)
HFNC	0	0	9 (28)	2 (5)	-
CPAP	0	0	7 (22)	2 (5)
NIPPV	0	0	3 (9)	3 (5)
Mechanical ventilation	0	0	5 (16)	34 (77)
PMA at time of MRI, weeks, mean (range)	40.0 (37.0-42.6)	38.5 (35.3-42.7)	40.9 (35.6-49.3)	41.1 (36.1-47.0)	0.01¹
BPD score, mean (SD)^**	-	2.9 (2.5)	6.4 (3.7)	8.9 (3.2)	<0.001²
Total lung volume, ml, median (SD)	102 (23)	85 (18)	107 (34)	145 (53)	<0.001³
Lung density, whole, g/ml, mean (SD)	0.492 (0.133)	0.542 (0.153)	0.584 (0.151)	0.525 (0.184)	0.01⁴
Total lung mass, whole, g, mean (SD)	50 (12)	46 (10)	62 (18)	75 (27)	<0.001⁵
Total lung volume/BSA, mL/m², mean (SD)	495 (111)	440 (63)	535 (137)	741 (258)	<0.001³
Total lung mass/BSA, g/m², mean (SD)	243 (52)	237 (33)	311 (78)	384 (127)	<0.001⁵

MRI - magnetic resonance imaging, HFNC – high flow nasal canula, CPAP – continuous positive airway pressure, NIPPV – non-invasive positive pressure ventilation, PMA - postmenstrual age, BSA – body surface area

All infants were diagnosed with BPD at 36 weeks PMA based on 2019 Jensen criteria. Some infants with Grade 3 BPD were extubated while some infants with Grade 2 BPD were intubated between 36 week PMA and the time of MRI.

^**

BPD score is a measure of BPD lung disease severity based on MRI characteristics as previously described^17,26; the range of total score is 0 (no BPD) through 14 (Grade 3 BPD).

^{1 -}

one-way ANOVA test is significant; post hoc test was significant between all groups except not significant between control and Grade 2, control and Grade 3, and Grade 2 and Grade 3 BPD.

^{2 -}

one-way ANOVA test is significant; post hoc test was significant between all groups.

^{3 -}

one-way ANOVA test is significant; post hoc test was significant between all groups except not significant between control and Grade 1 and control and Grade 2 BPD.

^{4 -}

one-way ANOVA test is significant; post hoc test was significant between all groups except not significant between Grade 1 and Grade 3, and control and Grade 3 BPD.

^{5 -}

one-way ANOVA test is significant; post hoc test was significant between all groups except not significant between control and Grade 1 BPD.