Table 3.
Overview of available literature for experimental cattle exposed to dietary FUM.
| Reference | No. of cattle (dose groups) | Body weight (BW, kg) | Exposure duration (days) | Average FUM content: FB1 + FB2 + FB3, (mg FUM/kg BW)a |
Employed toxicological tests | Statistically significant findings associated with FUM |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Studies used as basis of current US FDA ML for fumonisin | ||||||
| Osweiler et al. (1993) | 18 (3) | 231 ± 5.7 | 31 | • Control: < 0.13 | • Feed intake | • Liver function tests |
| • Weight gain | ||||||
| • Treatment 1: 0.78 | • Hematology test | • Neutrophil function | ||||
| • Treatment 2: 3.7 | • Liver function test | • Lymphocyte blastogenesis |
||||
| • Neutrophil function test | ||||||
| • Lymphocyte blastogenesis | ||||||
| • Histopathological analysis | ||||||
| Smith & Thakur (1996)b | 6 (2) | 217 | 30 | • Control: < 0.13 • Treatment: 5.15 |
• Liver function test | • Liver function tests |
| • Organ-to-BW ratio • Feed-to-tissue ratio • Histopathological analysis | ||||||
| Baker & Rottinghaus (1999)b | 5 (2) | 86 to 127 | 239 to 253 | • Control: < 0.13 • Treatment: 11 |
• Liver function test • Biomarker analysis • Histopathological analysis • Hematology test |
• Liver function tests |
| Literature advances since 2001 | ||||||
| Jennings et al. (2020) | 50 (5) | 361 ± 6.4 | 110 | • Control: 0.2 • Treatment 1: 0.67 • Treatment 2: 1.02 • Treatment 3: 1.69 • Treatment 4: 2.72 |
• Feed intake • Performace test • Weight gain • Biomarker analysis • Carcass grading & evaluation • Histopathological analysis & scoring |
• Biomarker analysis |
a
Average dietary FUM concentration is calculated with the assumption that experimental cattle consumed 2.5% of BW per day.
b
Studies did not investigate FUM concentrations proximate to the present regulatory limit of 0.75 mg/kg BW/d and were excluded.