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. 2025 May 21;16:1540489. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2025.1540489

Table 3.

Characteristic differences in leisure patterns.

Variables Low overall leisure (N = 1,877) Network-center leisure (N = 347) Exercise-center leisure (N = 991) High overall leisure (N = 650) F2 P
Age 69.72 (6.75) 66.37 (5.69) 69.63 (6.66) 66.33 (5.28) 67.33 0.000
Gender 4.80 0.187
Male 884 (47.10) 164 (47.26) 496 (50.05) 334 (51.38)
Female 993 (52.90) 183 (52.74) 495 (49.95) 316 (48.62)
Residence 485.14 0.000
Urban 959 (51.09) 285 (82.13) 728 (73.46) 612 (94.15)
Rural 918 (48.91) 62 (17.87) 263 (26.54) 38 (5.85)
Education 1,500 0.000
None 698 (37.19) 24 (6.92) 205 (20.69) 20 (3.08)
Elementary school 686 (36.55) 63 (18.16) 339 (34.21) 54 (8.31)
Middle school 320 (17.05) 104 (29.97) 272 (27.45) 225 (34.62)
High school and above 173 (9.22) 156 (44.96) 175 (17.66) 351 (54.00)
Marital status 58.49 0.000
Married 1,336 (71.18) 299 (86.17) 734 (74.07) 537 (82.62)
Single 541 (28.82) 48 (13.83) 257 (25.93) 113 (17.38)
Self-rated health 230.59 0.000
Bad 769 (40.97) 69 (19.88) 248 (25.03) 85 (13.08)
Fair 499 (26.58) 111 (31.99) 291 (29.36) 230 (35.38)
Good 609 (32.45) 167 (48.13) 452 (45.61) 335 (51.54)
Family income (CNY) 34,429.67 (53,381.03) 83,710.09 (101,905.5) 56,689.33 (87,746.87) 92,137.63 (85,238.94) 119.62 0.000
Happiness 3.86 (0.87) 3.90 (0.87) 4.07 (0.80) 4.07 (0.74) 19.38 0.000

The values represent the sample sizes (%) or sample means (SD). SD, standard deviation.