Table 4.
Patient characteristics in various studies in the literature
| Author | Country | Year | N | Gender (M/F) | Mean age (Years) | Prior radiation (%) | Inflammatory bowel disease (%) | Malignancy (%) | Trauma (%) | Obstetric injury (%) | Prior operation (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Wheeless (32) | USA | 1979 | 5 | 0/5 | 62 | 60 | 0 | 100 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Woods (13) | USA | 1983 | 14 | 5/9 | - | 0 | 64.3 | 14.3 | 0 | 0 | 100 |
| Ryan (14) | USA | 1984 | 15 | 8/7 | 35 | 0 | 100 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 100 |
| Burke (33) | USA | 1995 | 17 | 0/17 | 55 | 47 | 0 | 100 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Solomon (34) | Australia | 1996 | 5 | 1/4 | 48.6 | 40 | 60 | 40 | 0 | 0 | 100 |
| Christiansen (35) | Denmark | 1998 | 13 | 3/10 | 48 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 7.7 | 46.2 | 100 |
| Rius (21) | USA | 2000 | 7 | 2/5 | 35 | 0 | 100 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 71.4 |
| Zmora (36) | USA | 2003 | 11 | 11/0 | 62 | 54.5 | 0 | 100 | 0 | 0 | 45.5 |
| Menon (16) | UK | 2005 | 7 | 3/4 | - | 0 | 83.7 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 76.4 |
| Vermaas (18) | Netherlands | 2005 | 18 | 13/5 | 61* | 100 | 0 | 100 | 0 | 0 | 100 |
| Zmora (37) | USA | 2006 | 9 | 3/6 | 47 | 33.3 | 33.3 | 33.3 | 0 | 0 | 77.8 |
| Wexner (38) | USA | 2008 | 53 | 36/17 | 58 | 32.1 | 18.9 | 69.8 | 0 | 0 | 64.1 |
| Fürst (23) | Germany | 2008 | 12 | 0/12 | 37 | 0 | 100 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 100 |
| Ducic (39) | USA | 2008 | 19 | - | 66 | 52.6 | - | 47.4 | - | - | 100 |
| Ghoniem (24) | USA | 2008 | 25 | 25/0 | 68 | 60 | 0 | 100 | 0 | 0 | 100 |
| Gupta (40) | India | 2008 | 15 | 15/0 | 38 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 20 | 0 | 20 |
| Lefevre (41) | France | 2009 | 8 | 0/8 | 39 | 0 | 62.5 | 0 | 0 | 12.5 | 100 |
| Ulrich (42) | Germany | 2009 | 35 | 26/9 | 58 | 47.8 | 20.4 | 57.1 | 0 | 0 | 71.4 |
| Shibata (43) | USA | 2009 | 16 | 16/0 | 61 | 100 | 0 | 100 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Nassar (44) | Egypt | 2011 | 11 | 0/11 | 49 | 36.4 | 0 | 100 | 0 | 0 | 100 |
| Maeda (45) | Denmark | 2011 | 18 | 8/10 | 33 | 0 | 100 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 27.7 |
| Chen (46) | China | 2013 | 19 | 8/11 | 47 | 26.3 | 0 | 47.4 | 0 | 15.8 | 100 |
| Troja (47) | Germany | 2013 | 10 | 0/10 | 46.6 | 70 | 10 | 70 | 0 | 10 | 100 |
| Corte (48) | France | 2015 | 32 | 0/32 | 43 | 5 | 43.8 | 12.5 | 0 | 9.4 | 100 |
| Tran (49) | Canada | 2015 | 7 | 7/0 | 62 | 100 | 0 | 100 | 0 | 0 | 100 |
| Kaartinen (50) | Finland | 2015 | 12 | 0/12 | 69 | 100 | 0 | 100 | 0 | 0 | 33.3 |
| Chong (51) | USA | 2015 | 16 | 11/5 | 62 | 100 | 0 | 100 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Raup (52) | USA | 2015 | 27 | 27/0 | 60 | 74.1 | 0 | 74.1 | 0 | 0 | 100 |
| Kalra (53) | India | 2016 | 18 | 15/3 | - | 0 | 0 | 0 | 83.3 | 0 | 100 |
| Singh (54) | USA | 2016 | 40 | 22/18 | 56.8 | 70 | 15 | 85 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Park (55) | S. Korea | 2017 | 11 | 0/11 | 46 | 63.6 | 27.3 | 72.7 | 0 | 0 | 100 |
| Munoz-Duyos (56) | Spain | 2017 | 9 | 9/0 | 67 | 0 | 0 | 100 | 0 | 0 | 100 |
| Leeds (57) | USA | 2017 | 5 | 3/2 | 60 | 60 | 0 | 80 | 0 | 0 | 100 |
| Sieffert (58) | USA | 2017 | 6 | 4/2 | 63 | 100 | 0 | 100 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Rottoli (59) | Italy | 2018 | 21 | 0/21 | 45* | 0 | 38.1 | 0 | 0 | 14.3 | 100 |
| Kersting (60) | Germany | 2019 | 19 | 0/19 | 48 | 5.3 | 31.6 | 31.6 | 0 | 0 | 100 |
| Korsun (61) | Germany | 2019 | 32 | 2/30 | 39 | 0 | 100 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 100 |
| Kiiski (62) | Finland | 2019 | 39 | 0/39 | 59 | 76 | 0 | 100 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Coelho (63) | UK | 2019 | 25 | 9/16 | 62 | 84 | 0 | 84 | 0 | 0 | 100 |
| Weinstein (64) | USA | 2020 | 6 | 2/4 | 63 | 66.7 | 0 | 83.3 | 0 | 0 | - |
| Gilsshtein (65) | USA | 2020 | 9 | 5/4 | 55 | 44.4 | 22.2 | 44.4 | 0 | 0 | 100 |
| Sasaki (66) | Japan | 2021 | 7 | 7/0 | 62 | 42.9 | 0 | 100 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Grott (67) | Germany | 2021 | 46 | 12/34 | 54 | 41.3 | 28.2 | 41.3 | 0 | 17.4 | 100 |
| Yellinek (68) | USA | 2021 | 119 | 60/59 | 56* | 32 | 15.1 | 32** | 5 | 0 | 100 |
| Zhang (69) | China | 2022 | 31 | 0/31 | 54 | 0 | 0 | 100 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Sbizzera (70) | France | 2022 | 21 | 21/0 | 66* | 14 | 0 | 100 | 0 | 0 | 66.7 |
| DeLozier (71) | USA | 2023 | 45 | 28/17 | 60* | 68.9 | 28.9 | 68.9 | 0 | 0 | - |
| Schoene (72) | Germany | 2023 | 60 | 44/16 | 50 | 28.3 | 0 | 28.3 | 0 | 13.3 | 98.3 |
| Jenkins (73) | UK | 2023 | 50 | 26/24 | 62* | 84 | 0 | 100 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Strassmann (74) | USA | 2023 | 6 | 0/6 | 34 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 100 | 100 |
| Hull (75) | USA | 2023 | 22 | 0/22 | 43* | 9.1 | 18.1 | 9.1 | 4.5 | 13.6 | 100 |
| Muharrem | USA | 2025 | 18 | 8/10 | 60* | 77.2 | 0 | 77.8 | 0 | 0 | 42.9 |
| 1121 | 505/597 | 46.6 | 39.7 | 14.7 | 51.5 | 2.3 | 2.8 | 66.9 |
*Median age (years)
**At least 38 patients (32%) had cancer-related causes due to radiation therapy, with additional overlap from pelvic surgeries likely contributing to the total