Fig. 5.

In vivo and in vitro toxicity of G4-IAA. (a, c) Cell viability of A549 (a) and BEAS-2B (c) incubated with different concentrations of G4 PAMAM for 48 hours using CCK8 assay. (b, d) Cell proliferation of A549 (b) and BEAS-2B (d) incubated with G4 PAMAM (2 mg/ml) or G4-IAA (2 mg/ml). (e–j) The serum level of hepatic (e–g) and renal (h–j) biomarkers in mice 14 days after different treatments (once every 2 days, 50 mg/kg IAA and 2 mg/ml PAMAM G4 per time), including total bilirubin (e), γ-glutamyl transferase (f), alanine aminotransferase (g), uric acid (h), creatinine (i) and urea (j). NC: negative control; TBIL: total bilirubin; γ-GT: γ-glutamyl transferase; ALT: alanine aminotransferase; UA: uric acid; CREA: creatinine; Data are presented as means ± SD, with n = 3 biological replicates per group. One-way ANOVA with Tukey's multiple comparisons test was performed. Treated groups were compared with each other and to the untreated group (labeled as NC in the figure) for statistical significance tests. ns: p > 0.05; ∗: p < 0.05.