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. 2025 May 6;32:101845. doi: 10.1016/j.mtbio.2025.101845

Fig. 6.

Fig. 6

The therapeutic function of IAA, G4 PAMAM and G4-IAA in vivo. (a) H&E staining sections of lungs of mice in control, untreated COPD, COPD treatments with G4-IAA (inhalation), IAA (injection) or PAMAM (inhalation) groups. (b) Pulmonary mean linear intercept calculated according to (a). (c) Lung injury score calculated according to (a). (d) Lung function represented by FEV0.1/FVC of mice in control, untreated COPD, COPD treatment with IAA-PAMAM (inhalation) or IAA (injection) groups. (e–g) Concentration of inflammatory cytokines in mice lung tissue by ELISA, including IL-1β (e), IL-6 (f) and CXCL15 (g). (h–k) mRNA levels of inflammatory cytokines in mice lung tissue by RT-qPCR, including IL-1β (h), IL-6 (i) CXCL15 (j) and TNFα (k). Data are presented as means ± SD, with n = 6 biological replicates per group. One-way ANOVA with Sidak's multiple comparisons test was performed. Groups were compared to each other. ns: p > 0.05, not significant; ∗: p < 0.05; ∗∗: p < 0.01; ∗∗∗: p < 0.001; ∗∗∗∗: p < 0.0001. COPD treatments: 50 mg/kg IAA+2 mg/ml G4 PAMAM (inhalation), 50 mg/kg IAA (intraperitoneal injection), or 2 mg/ml G4 PAMAM (inhalation) per time, once/2 days for 14 days continuously; FEV0.1: forced expiratory volume at 0.1 s; FVC: forced vital capacity.