| Surgical approach |
Description |
| Enucleation (Ugon method) |
The Ugon enucleation technique (1952) involves the complete surgical removal of the hydatid cyst from the lung parenchyma, with an alternative method using positive pressure ventilation to remove the cyst spontaneously, leaving the pericyst behind. |
| Pericystectomy (Perez-Fontana method) |
The Perez-Fontana method of pericystectomy, proposed in 1953, involves the excision of the hydatid cyst along with the pericyst, which adheres firmly to the normal lung parenchyma. Closure of the airway openings and approximation of the healthy lung parenchyma are essential. |
| Cystostomy with capitonnage (Barrett’s method) |
Proposed by Barrett in 1952, this method involves cystostomy followed by capitonnage of the residual cavity. It has largely remained the treatment of choice for conservative approaches, with most prevalent techniques being based on Barrett’s method. |
| Capitonnage and bronchial tube closure following cystectomy (Posadas method) |
A contemporary of Barrett, Posadas proposed a modified version of Barrett’s procedure, in which the bronchial openings were closed prior to performing capitonnage. |
| Cystotomy with closure of bronchial openings alone |
This technique, recently introduced by Turna, Erdogan, and Eren et al., is a modification of the Posadas method that omits the capitonnage step. |
| Figuera’s open aspiration technique |
Figuera’s technique is analogous to the PAIR method used for hepatic hydatidosis and involves the aspiration of cyst membranes and daughter cysts. |
| Segmental resection |
Liaras et al. performed the first segmental resection for a hydatid cyst in 1955, using a conventional resection technique similar to that employed for other pulmonary conditions. |
| Lobectomy |
Pulmonary lobectomy was initially performed in 1950 to treat an inflammatory lesion of the lung. |
| PAIR technique |
The procedure is carried out under CT or ultrasonographic guidance, following all necessary precautions and with emergency medications readily available. |
