Table 3. Summary of demographic data and pharmacological intervention of all included studies.

Author/ Year	Study Type	Intervention Groups	Gender (M/F)	Age (years)	Doses
Chillemi et al., 2023. 12	Randomized Clinical Trial	A: 38 B: 38 C: 38	62/52	59±9	A: Paracetamol 1000mg, 1 tablet as needed, maximum 3 times a day / 7 days B: Paracetamol 500 mg + Codeine 30 mg 1 tablet 3 times a day / 7 days C: Paracetamol 500 mg + Ibuprofen 150 mg 1 tablet 2 times a day / 7 days
Tangtiphaiboontana et al., 2021. 13	Randomized Clinical Trial	Ibuprofen: 51 Placebo: 50	Ibuprofen: 29/22 Placebo: 29/21	Ibuprofen: 57.7±10.8 Placebo: 56.9±13.8	Ibuprofen: ibuprofen 400 mg every 8 hours / 14 days continuously + opioid Placebo: placebo + opioid
Yang et al., 2022. 14	Randomized Clinical Trial	Pre-operative analgesia: 53 Post-operative analgesia: 53	Pre-operative analgesia: 31/22 Post-operative analgesia: 26/27	Pre-operative analgesia: 50.0±10.0 Post-operative analgesia: 52.4±9.0	Pre-operative analgesia: 400 mg of Celecoxib 2 hours before surgery, and then 200 mg of Celecoxib at 4 hours, 12 hours, 24 hours, 36 hours, 48 hours, 60 hours, and 72 hours after surgery Post-operative analgesia: 400 mg of Celecoxib 4 hours after surgery, and 200 mg of Celecoxib at 12 hours, 24 hours, 36 hours, 48 hours, 60 hours, and 72 hours after surgery
Singh et al., 2021 15	Randomized Clinical Trial	G1: 21 G2: 18 G3: 18	G1: 10/11 G2: 03/15 G3: 07/11	G1: 56.67±11.45 G2: 57.11±8.51 G3: 59.72±8.23	G1: 5 mg of Oxycodone every 6 hours, and 1,000 mg of acetaminophen every 6 hours if necessary G2: 5 mg of Oxycodone every 6 hours if necessary G3: 1,000 mg of acetaminophen every 6 hours pre-surgery, and every 8 hours until the 5th post-operative day and 5 mg of oxycodone if necessary
Bang et al., 2010. 16	Randomized Clinical Trial	Placebo: 23 Gabapentin: 23	Placebo: 18/08 Gabapentin: 14/09	Placebo: 59.5±6.2 Gabapentin: 56.3±8.5	Placebo: placebo identical in appearance to gabapentin Gabapentin: 300 mg of gabapentin 2 hours before surgery
Ahn et al., 2016 6	Randomized Clinical Trial	Pregabalin: 30 Control: 30	Pregabalin: 13/17 Control: 13/17	Pregabalin: 55±9 Control: 51±12	Pregabalin: 150 mg of pregabalin Control: placebo capsules
Su et al., 2022 17	Randomized Clinical Trial	Control: 60 Intervention: 60	NR	NR	Control: placebo Intervention: oral duloxetine
Alaia et al., 2022 18	Randomized Clinical Trial	Control: 50 Experimental: 49	NR	18 to 75 years	Control: placebo Experimental: 25 mg of CBD 3 times a day if <80 kg, or 50 mg of CBD 3 times a day if >80 kg, for 14 days post-operative

Legend: NR: Not reported; M: male; F: female; PO: Post-operative; CBD: cannabidiol. Source: Author (2024).