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. 2025 May 22;13:1542861. doi: 10.3389/fpubh.2025.1542861

Table 13.

Mechanism analysis from the perspective of the joint effect.

Variable (1) (2)
Expected academic performance Expected education level
Memory cognitive ability 0.139*** 0.252***
(0.018) (0.022)
Number series cognitive ability 0.121*** 0.050**
(0.019) (0.021)
Expected education level 0.121*** 0.162***
(0.019) (0.021)
Policy effect 0.172 0.076
(0.132) (0.123)
Control variables Yes Yes
District fixed effects Yes Yes
Year fixed effects Yes Yes
Individual fixed effects Yes Yes
Observations 3,432 3,432
R-squared 0.208 0.231

***represents significance at 1% level, and robust standard errors are in parentheses.