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. 2025 Mar 8;35(3):465–476. doi: 10.1007/s10286-025-01112-0

Table 6.

Associations of demographic factors and the standard deviation of all normal-to-normal intervals grouping with survival of patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis by multivariate Cox regression analysis model A

Parameters Group β HR 95% CI P Value
Age (year) – 0.101 1.106 [1.040–1.176 ] 0.001*
Gender Malea
Female − 0.182 0.834 [0.311–2.237 ] 0.718
Education level (year) – − 0.020 0.980 [0.886–1.084 ] 0.700
SDNN (ms) SDNN ≤ 100a
SDNN > 100 − 1.008 0.365 [0.125–1.069 ] 0.066

SDNN Standard deviation of all normal-to-normal intervals

*Statistically significant difference from reference group at P value < 0.05

aReference group