TABLE 1.

Antibody response to C. albicans cell wall proteins and mannoproteins

Componenta	Immunoglobulin isotypeb	Epitope	Antibodies detected in:			Comments	Reference(s)
			Humans		Animal models
			Healthy	Patients
Carbohydrates
Mannan	IgA, IgE, IgG, IgM	Multiple	+	+	+	Antigen-based serodiagnostic test; strain serotyping is defined by specificity of antibodies to fine structural antigenic motifs of mannan	6, 12, 19, 37, 62, 104, 111, 118, 128, 129, 151, 154, 211, 220, 238, 240, 253, 303
		O-linked	+	+			112
		β-1,2 linked	+	+			119, 231
		Various, acid stable			+		106
HMW-MP	IgG3	Unknown	+	+			119, 231
14–18-kDa moiety	IgG3?	β-1,2 linked	+	+		Antibodies cross-react with β-1,2 linked mannooligosaccharides of mannan	119, 231
Blood group I-related antigens	IgM	Carbohydrate other than mannose	+	+		Antibodies present as part of response to blood group antigens and are presumed to be independent of the fungus	202
Proteins
SAP	IgG, IgA	Unknown	+	+	+	Elevated antibody levels in patients may be due to contaminating mannan	37, 123, 172, 205, 236, 245
Hsp90	IgG, IgM	Unknown, LKVIRK	−	+		Antibodies associated with recovery from infection	186, 190–193
Hsp70	IgG	Unknown	+	+	+	Antibodies may recognize epitopes among microbes and self	46, 47, 152, 161
Heat shock mannoproteins	IgA	Polysaccharide		+		Apparently induce secretory immune response during mucosal candidiasis	226
Enolase	IgG, IgE	Unknown	NDc	+	+	Antigen-based serodiagnostic test; species differences in epitopes recognized	84, 124–126, 183, 199, 252, 253, 281, 286, 305, 306, 309, 310
PGK	IgG, IgE	Unknown				Not a universal immunogen/allergen	124
GAPDH	IgM, IgG?	Unknown	ND	+			98
mp58	IgG, IgM?	Unknown	ND	+	+	Positive in patients with systemic but not superficial candidiasis	169, 262

^aHMW-MP, high-molecular-mass mannoproteins. 

^bNot all Ig isotypes may have been tested. 

^cND, not detected.