Table 1. Overview of patient-reported outcome measures.
| Mental health measure | Items, n | Score range | Cut-off value | Topic |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Single-item wellbeing questiona | 1 | 1–5 | ≥4: impaired mental wellbeing | Mental wellbeing |
| WHO-5 Wellbeing Indexb 18 | 5 | 0–100 | <50: impaired mental wellbeing | Mental wellbeing |
| Patient Health Questionnaire-9c 22 | 9 | 0–27 | 0–4: no depressive symptoms 5–9: mild depressive symptoms 10–14: moderate depressive symptoms 15–19: moderately severe depressive symptoms ≥20: severe depressive symptoms |
Depressive symptoms |
| Problem Areas in Diabetes-5c 23 | 5 | 0–20 | >7: elevated diabetes distress | Diabetes distress |
| Generalised Anxiety Disorder-7d 24 | 7 | 0–21 | 0–4: minimal anxiety symptoms 5–9: mild anxiety symptoms 10–14: moderate anxiety symptoms ≥15: severe anxiety symptoms |
Anxiety symptoms |
a5-point Likert scale ranging from 1 (very good) to 5 (very bad). b6-point Likert scale ranging from 0 (none of the time) to 5 (all of the time). c5-point Likert scale ranging from 0 (not a problem) to 4 (serious problem). d4-point Likert scale ranging from 0 (not at all) to 3 (nearly all of the time). WHO = World Health Organization.