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. 2025 Jan 29;9(1):BJGPO.2024.0045. doi: 10.3399/BJGPO.2024.0045

Table 3. Patient-reported outcome measures stratified by sex and age.

Patient-reported outcome measures Femalea Malea Mean differenceb Aged <66 yearsa Aged ≥66 yearsa P-valueb
Single-item wellbeing question 2.05 (0.83) 1.92 (0.87) 0.13 (–0.09 to 0.36) 2.03 (0.87) 1.93 (0.84) 0.10 (–0.12 to 0.33)
WHO-5 Wellbeing Index 65.80 (19.49) 70.13 (19.64) –4.33 (–9.53 to 0.87) 65.45 (21.42) 71.13 (17.53) –5.68 (–10.79 to –0.56)
Patient Health Questionnaire-9 6.13 (4.94) 5.19 (4.99) 0.94 (–0.38 to 2.26) 6.12 (5.43) 5.06 (4.48) 1.06 (–0.24 to 2.36)
Problem Areas in Diabetes-5 4.16 (4.02) 3.37 (4.10) 0.79 (–0.29 to 1.87) 4.15 (4.26) 3.26 (3.87) 0.89 (–0.16 to 1.96)
Generalised Anxiety Disorder-7 3.22 (4.16) 2.76 (3.81) 0.46 (–0.61 to 1.54) 3.77 (4.72) 2.18 (2.89) 1.59 (0.57 to 2.63)

aMean (standard deviation). bMean difference (95% confidence interval). WHO = World Health Organization.