Table 4. Mental health metrics in cases (n = 74).

Patient-reported outcome measures	Impaired single-item wellbeing, mean (SD)a	Good single-item wellbeing, mean (SD)a	Mean difference (95% CI)	Impaired WHO-5 wellbeing, mean (SD)b	Good WHO-5 wellbeing, mean (SD)b	Mean difference (95% CI)
Single-item wellbeing question	4.00 (0.00)	2.48 (0.71)	1.52 (1.35 to 1.70)	3.00 (0.65)	2.29 (0.86)	0.71 (0.36 to 1.07)
WHO-5b	36.00 (21.91)	51.32 (17.77)	–15.32 (–32.44 to 1.79)	34.67 (11.47)	65.94 (9.17)	–31.37 (–36.10 to –26.50)
PHQ-9c	14.56 (4.59)	10.55 (4.03)	4.01 (0.41 to 7.60)	12.46 (4.10)	9.46 (3.94)	3.00 (1.14 to 4.87)
PAID-5d	7.89 (6.64)	7.58 (4.06)	0.31 (–4.84 to 5.45)	6.85 (5.00)	8.49 (3.58)	–1.64 (–3.60 to 0.32)
GAD-7e	10.22 (6.76)	6.05 (4.34)	4.17 (–1.07 to 9.42)	7.87 (5.03)	5.09 (4.20)	2.78 (0.64 to 4.93)

^a≥4 = impaired single-item wellbeing. ^bWHO-5 Wellbeing Index, <50 = impaired WHO-5. GAD-7 = Generalised Anxiety Disorder-7. PAID-5 = Problem Areas in Diabetes-5. PHQ-9 = Patient Health Questionnaire-9. SD = standard deviation. WHO-5 = World Health Organization-Five Wellbeing Index.