Table 4.

Description of the self-service kiosk by function.

Digital kiosk and study ID		Description
Self-check-in kiosk
	Coyle et al, 2015 [30]	Kiosk check-in, with either a prepopulated “chief complaint” or free-text box. Information sent to nurses for triage.
	Mahmood et al, 2020 [32]	Patients could check into EDa without the help of medical administrators, using kiosk self-check-in.
	Tabriz et al, 2020 [33]	Patients could check into ED without the help of medical administrators, using kiosk self-check-in.
Self-triage kiosk
	Trivedi et al, 2021 [34]	Electronic tablet AGSTb score. The algorithmic questionnaire (comprised of Yes/No questions) was completed by the patient or caregiver on the tablet by touching the screen to choose the answer most appropriate to their situation. Subjects were asked to predict whether they would require admission to the hospital. At the end of the questionnaire, the AGST score was assigned.
Combined self-check-in and self-triage kiosk
	Dickson et al, 2022 [31]	eTriage is an automated digital check-in and triage solution. Patients who present to the ED provide their demographic details and then select a reason for attendance. The software is based on branched algorithmic decision logic with key discriminators and flagging which prompts further questions regarding the patient’s attendance. The platform mirrors the MTSc in that it allocates the patient into one of five suggested priority groups.

^aED: emergency department.

^bAGST: algorithm-generated self-triage.

^cMTS: Manchester Triage Score.