Table 3.
Observed Means (SD) or Median [IQR] of the Secondary Outcomes at the Different Measurement Occasions
| Baseline | After intervention | 6-mo follow-up | 12-mo follow-up | |||||
| N | Mean (SD) or median [IQR] | N | Mean (SD) or median [IQR] | N | Mean (SD) or median [IQR] | N | Mean (SD) or median [IQR] | |
| Steps (daily) | ||||||||
| Intervention | 36 | 4,287 [2,317–5,114] | 27 | 4,877 [3,159–6,970] | 30 | 4,875 [3,868–5,789] | 32 | 4,991 [3,281–5,904] |
| Control | 41 | 4,634 [3,357–6,697] | 32 | 4,172 [2,646–5,871] | 29 | 4,729 [2,572–5,996] | 28 | 4,673 [2,570–6,685] |
| Time spent in MVPA (min/daily) | ||||||||
| Intervention | 28 | 91 [20–152] | 21 | 93 [44–112] | 26 | 72 [42–163] | 22 | 117 [67–190] |
| Control | 35 | 112 [64–188] | 25 | 86 [54–167] | 22 | 106 [62–186] | 25 | 107 [77–159] |
| SF-36: physical component score (0–100) | ||||||||
| Intervention | 44 | 41.4 (8.5) | 40 | 42.3 (9.5) | 37 | 41.6 (9.8) | 37 | 41.3 (9.5) |
| Control | 46 | 38.0 (10.4) | 42 | 38.4 (11.4) | 42 | 37.3 (11.1) | 38 | 38.0 (11.5) |
| SF-36: mental component score (0–100) | ||||||||
| Intervention | 44 | 54 (3.4) | 40 | 53.9 (3.7) | 37 | 54.6 (3.5) | 37 | 54.2 (3.1) |
| Control | 46 | 54.8 (3.9) | 42 | 54.2 (5.1) | 42 | 55.2 (4.4) | 38 | 55.0 (4.4) |
| ACTIVLIM (−6.6 to 6.3) | ||||||||
| Intervention | 44 | 2.4 (1.7–3.6) | 40 | 2.6 (1.7–3.5) | 37 | 2.7 (2.1–3.5) | 37 | 2.5 (1.6–3.5) |
| Control | 46 | 2.1 (1.5–3.1) | 42 | 1.9 (1.4–3.1) | 42 | 2.1 (1.4–2.7) | 38 | 2.1 (1.2–2.9) |
| Self-efficacy scale (0–25) | ||||||||
| Intervention | 44 | 19.2 (3.1) | 40 | 17.2 (3.7) | 37 | 17.5 (3.6) | 37 | 17.0 (3.7) |
| Control | 46 | 18.3 (3.7) | 42 | 16.4 (3.7) | 42 | 16.6 (3.0) | 38 | 15.6 (4.5) |
| MVT musculus quadriceps strongest leg (Nm) | ||||||||
| Intervention | 44 | 106.5 (44.5) | 37 | 107.9 (38.4) | 30 | 114.9 (41.3) | 33 | 113.0 (43.7) |
| Control | 44 | 98.0 (41.8) | 36 | 96.3 (46.0) | 35 | 98.1 (45.5) | 29 | 97.4 (45.4) |
| MVT musculus triceps surae strongest leg (Nm) | ||||||||
| Intervention | 33 | 42.7 (26.0) | 26 | 43.7 (24.1) | 20 | 49.7 (27.8) | 23 | 43.2 (24.7) |
| Control | 44 | 39.3 (18.9) | 34 | 37.5 (19.3) | 31 | 42.5 (23.2) | 25 | 40.2 (21.4) |
| Cholesterol (mmol/L) | ||||||||
| Intervention | 44 | 5.55 (0.97) | 37 | 5.44 (1.01) | 32 | 5.44 (1.18) | 33 | 5.34 (0.97) |
| Control | 46 | 5.36 (0.94) | 38 | 5.52 (1.17) | 34 | 5.37 (1.12) | 33 | 5.26 (1.07) |
| HDL (mmol/L) | ||||||||
| Intervention | 44 | 1.67 (0.39) | 37 | 1.70 (0.44) | 32 | 1.77 (0.39)0 | 33 | 1.70 (0.37) |
| Control | 46 | 1.64 (0.43) | 38 | 1.72 (0.46) | 34 | 1.74 (0.42) | 33 | 1.67 (0.46) |
| LDL (mmol/L) | ||||||||
| Intervention | 44 | 3.41 (0.86) | 37 | 3.29 (0.93) | 32 | 3.20 (1.17) | 33 | 3.15 (0.86) |
| Control | 46 | 3.27 (0.79) | 38 | 3.40 (0.97) | 34 | 3.23 (0.87) | 33 | 3.16 (0.90) |
| VLDL (mmol/L) | ||||||||
| Intervention | 44 | 3.50 (1.00) | 37 | 3.39 (1.11) | 32 | 3.24 (1.11) | 33 | 3.28 (0.92) |
| Control | 46 | 3.43 (0.90) | 38 | 3.33 (1.06) | 34 | 3.19 (0.73) | 33 | 3.32 (0.98) |
| Triglycerides (mmol/L) | ||||||||
| Intervention | 44 | 1.04 (0.61) | 37 | 1.01 (0.57) | 32 | 0.99 (0.57) | 33 | 1.08 (0.80) |
| Control | 46 | 1.02 (0.54) | 38 | 0.99 (0.55) | 34 | 0.90 (0.39) | 33 | 0.97 (0.52) |
| Glucose (mmol/L) | ||||||||
| Intervention | 44 | 5.4 (0.7) | 37 | 5.3 (0.6) | 32 | 5.4 (0.6) | 33 | 5.2 (0.6) |
| Control | 46 | 5.4 (0.5) | 38 | 5.5 (0.6) | 34 | 5.4 (0.5) | 33 | 5.6 (0.6) |
| Waist circumference (cm) | ||||||||
| Intervention | 32 | 94.6 (10.3) | 32 | 94.3 (12.8) | 28 | 93.7 (11.5) | 31 | 95.6 (12.0) |
| Control | 33 | 96.1 (12.1) | 31 | 92.6 (9.3) | 34 | 93.9 (9.2) | 30 | 93.2 (8.0) |
| Creatine kinase (U/L) | ||||||||
| Intervention | 44 | 196 (165) | 37 | 245 (234) | 32 | 211 (176) | 33 | 217 (176) |
| Control | 46 | 199 (451) | 38 | 195 (450) | 34 | 227 (600) | 33 | 286 (958) |
| Blood pressure: diastolic (mm Hg) | ||||||||
| Intervention | 44 | 126 (13) | 35 | 122 (18) | 32 | 119 (16) | 33 | 120 (18) |
| Control | 47 | 133 (17) | 39 | 125 (14) | 32 | 125 (15) | 29 | 123 (13) |
| Blood pressure: systolic (mm Hg) | ||||||||
| Intervention | 44 | 76 (10) | 35 | 75 (12) | 32 | 72 (11) | 33 | 75 (10) |
| Control | 47 | 78 (8) | 39 | 75 (9) | 32 | 71 (10) | 29 | 74 (10) |
| WECT: distance (m) | ||||||||
| Intervention | 42 | 371.4 (74.3) | 37 | 385.6 (74.3) | 32 | 400.3 (80.3) | 33 | 391.9 (89.8) |
| Control | 45 | 360.7 (99.0) | 39 | 366.7 (100.5) | 36 | 372.4 (103.3) | 33 | 367.6 (110.0) |
| WECT: steady state (VO2 in mL/min/kg) | ||||||||
| Intervention | 40 | 14.7 (2.8) | 26 | 16.0 (2.3) | 28 | 15.6 (2.4) | 26 | 16.5 (3.1) |
| Control | 42 | 14.0 (2.9) | 36 | 14.4 (2.9) | 33 | 14.7 (3.1) | 28 | 15.0 (3.8) |
Abbreviations: HDL = high-density lipoprotein; IQR = interquartile range; LDL = low-density lipoprotein; MVPA = moderate-to-vigorous physical activity; MVT = maximal voluntary torque; SF-36 = Short Form 36-Item; VLDL = very low–density lipoprotein; VO2 = oxygen consumption; WECT = walking energy consumption test.
Steps, time spent in MVPA, and ACTIVLIM are shown as median [interquartile range]. All other variables are shown as mean (SD).