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. 2025 Jun 5;15:19747. doi: 10.1038/s41598-025-95344-9

Table 2.

Association between prediabetes and the odds of sarcopenia and osteopenia.

Sarcopenia Osteopenia
NGT Prediabetes NGT Prediabetes
OR (95% CL) p OR (95% CL) p
Model 1 1.00 (Ref.) 2.747 (1.838, 4.105) < 0.001 1.00 (Ref.) 2.297 (1.915, 2.838) < 0.001
Model 2 1.00 (Ref.) 1.468 (1.050, 2.053) 0.028 1.00 (Ref.) 1.801 (1.281, 2.355) 0.016
Model 3 1.00 (Ref.) 1.326 (1.047, 1.678) 0.019 1.00 (Ref.) 1.415(1.174, 1.819) 0.030

Data are summarized as OR(95%CI)unless otherwise indicated.

Model I was unadjusted.

Model 2 was adjusted for age, gender, race, educate, PIR, WC and BMI.

Model 3 was adjusted for model 2 adjustments plus urine creatinine, urine protein, hypertension, Albumin, RDW, Glucose nitrogen, Calcium, Creatinine, hemoglobin, TG, TC, Fe, P, uricacid, vitamin D, white blood cell count, Neutrophil percentage, Lymphocyte percentage, NLR, MET.