Table 2. Comparison of health outcomes post-cannulation between the study and control groups (n=62).

Items	Study groupn=62		Control groupn=62		χ²/t-test	P value
	N	%	N	%
Success of the first attempt
Yes	54	87.1	29	46.8	χ²=34.90	<0.01
No	8	12.9	33	53.2
Time to successful cannulation (min)
M±SD	3.40±0.27		6.06±0.87		t=22.99	<0.01
Infiltration
Yes	10	16.1	39	62.9	χ²=43.88	<0.01
No	52	83.9	23	37.1
Phlebitis
Yes	13	21.0	35	56.5	χ²=25.07	<0.01
No	49	79.0	27	43.5
Itravenous catheter dwell time (hours)
M±SD	30.19±1.65		16.48±0.91		t=57.29	<0.01
Previous attempts at peripheral intravenous catheterisation
Yes	11	17.7	43	69.4	χ²=52.27	<0.01
No	51	82.3	19	30.6
The degree of access to the preterm blood vessels
Easy	41	66.1	12	19.4	χ²=30.18	<0.01
Intermediate	16	25.8	32	51.6
Difficult	5	8.1	18	29.0