Table 3.
Maternal OHL scores distribution by child oral health behaviours.
| Variables | n | % | OHL score |
P value | OHL score |
P value‡ | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mean ± SD (95% CI) | Median (range) | ≤21 n (%) (95% CI) |
>21 n (%) (95% CI) |
|||||
|
Dietary habit |
||||||||
| Exclusive breastfeeding | .932* | .979 | ||||||
| Yes | 35 | 8.8 | 23.9 ± 5.1 (22.1, 25.6) |
25 (14-30) |
13 (37) (20, 50) |
22 (63) (46, 80) |
||
| No | 363 | 91.2 | 23.7 ± 5.0 (23.2, 24.2) |
24 (10-30) |
134 (37) (32, 42) |
229 (63) (58, 68) |
||
| Nighttime feeding after the age of 6 mo | <.001* | <.001 | ||||||
| Yes | 232 | 58.3 | 21.1 ± 4.4 (20.5, 21.7) |
21 (10-30) |
138 (59) (53, 66) |
94 (41) (34, 47) |
||
| No | 166 | 41.7 | 27.4 ± 3.2 (26.9, 27.9) |
28 (13-30) |
9 (5) (2, 9) |
157 (95) (91, 98) |
||
| Putting sugar-added liquid in baby's bottle║ | <.001* | <.001 | ||||||
| Yes | 126 | 34.6 | 20.0 ± 4.7 (19.3, 20.7) |
20 (10-30) |
92 (73) (65, 81) |
34 (27) (19, 35) |
||
| No | 238 | 65.4 | 25.6 ± 4.1 (25.1, 26.2) |
27 (12-30) |
43 (18) (13, 23) |
195 (82) (77, 87) |
||
| Bottle weaning or plan to wean at the age ≤18 mo║ | <.001* | <.001 | ||||||
| Yes | 111 | 30.6 | 27.8 ± 3.3 (27.2, 28.4) |
29 (11-30) |
4 (4) (0, 7) |
107 (96) (93, 100) |
||
| No | 252 | 69.4 | 21.8 ± 4.6 (21.2, 22.4) |
21 (10-30) |
131 (52) (46, 58) |
121 (48) (42, 54) |
||
| Frequency per day of cariogenic snacks or beverages between meals | <.001† | <.001 | ||||||
| ≥3 times | 78 | 19.6 | 21.2 ± 5.8 (19.9, 22.5) |
20§ (10-30) |
47 (60) (49, 71) |
31 (40) (29, 51) |
||
| 1-2 times | 171 | 43.0 | 22.2 ± 4.6 (21.5, 22.9) |
21§ (12-30) |
86 (50) (43, 58) |
85 (50) (42, 57) |
||
| No | 149 | 37.4 | 26.8 ± 3.3 (26.3, 27.3) |
28 (16-30) |
14 (9) (5, 14) |
135 (91) (86, 95) |
||
| Oral hygiene practices | ||||||||
| Time to start oral cleaning | <.001† | <.001 | ||||||
| Before/at the first tooth eruption | 276 | 69.3 | 26.0 ± 3.8 (25.5, 26.4) |
27 (15-30) |
45 (16) (12, 21) |
231 (84) (79, 88) |
||
| After several teeth eruption | 101 | 25.4 | 18.8 ± 3.4 (18.2, 19.4) |
19¶ (11-26) |
85 (84) (77, 91) |
16 (16) (9, 23) |
||
| Not yet started | 21 | 5.3 | 18.0 ± 4.6 (15.9, 20.0) |
20¶ (10-25) |
17 (81) (63, 99) |
4 (19) (1, 37) |
||
| Frequency per day of brushing by caregiver | <.001* | <.001 | ||||||
| ≥2 times | 212 | 53.3 | 26.5 ± 4.0 (26.0, 27.0) |
28 (11-30) |
29 (14) (9, 18) |
183 (86) (82, 91) |
||
| 1 time or no brushing | 186 | 46.7 | 20.6 ± 4.3 (20.0, 21.2) |
20 (10-30) |
118 (63) (56, 70) |
68 (37) (30, 44) |
||
| Use of fluoridated toothpaste║ | <.001* | .001 | ||||||
| Yes | 250 | 90.9 | 24.5 ± 5.0 (23.9, 25.1) |
25.5 (11-30) |
76 (30) (25, 36) |
174 (70) (64, 75) |
||
| No | 25 | 9.1 | 28.4 ± 2.1 (27.5, 29.3) |
29 (23-30) |
0 (0) | 25 (100) | ||
| Use of the appropriate amount of toothpaste║ | .198* | .838 | ||||||
| Yes | 222 | 77.9 | 24.9 ± 5 (24.2, 25.5) |
26.5 (11-30) |
64 (29) (23, 35) |
158 (71) (65, 77) |
||
| No | 63 | 22.1 | 24.2 ± 4.8 (23.0, 25.4) |
25 (12-30) |
19 (30) (19, 42) |
44 (70) (58, 81) |
||
| Continue to brush even though the child is crying | <.001* | <.001 | ||||||
| Yes | 320 | 80.4 | 25.0 ± 4.5 (24.5, 25.5) |
26 (11-30) |
78 (24) (20, 29) |
242 (76) (71, 80) |
||
| No | 78 | 19.6 | 18.7 ± 3.7 (17.8, 19.5) |
19 (10-30) |
69 (88) (81, 96) |
9 (12) (4, 19) |
||
| Dental utilization | ||||||||
| Child dental utilization | <.001* | <.001 | ||||||
| Yes | 120 | 30.2 | 27.2 ± 3.7 (26.6, 27.9) |
29 (13-30) |
12 (10) (5, 15) |
108 (90) (85, 95) |
||
| No | 278 | 69.8 | 22.2 ± 4.8 (21.7, 22.8) |
21 (10-30) |
135 (49) (43, 54) |
143 (51) (46, 57) |
||
Significant level 0.05.
⁎
Mann–Whitney U test.
†
Kruskal–Wallis test.
‡
Chi-square test.
§
Post-hoc Dunn's test indicates no significant difference between the values labeled with the same character.
¶
Post-hoc Dunn's test indicates no significant difference between the values labeled with the same character.
║
Column totals may not add to total due to missing data.