Table 3.
Evaluation methods
| Study | Evaluation method | Variables evaluated | Evaluation time points [time after training] | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| BLS sequence | CPR | AED use | Baseline evaluation | Post-training evaluation | Follow-up evaluation | ||
| Tanaka, 2020 [23] | Psychomotor and cognitive tests | + | CC [depth/rate] | + | K-test | QCPR | K-test [2 wk] |
| Martínez-Isasi, 2021 [24] | 2-min CPR simulation scenario | + | CC-V [depth/rate] | + | - | QCPR | QCPR [4 months] |
| Abelairas-Gomez, 2021 [25] | Simulated OHCA scenario | + | CC [depth/rate] | - | - | Checklist and QCPR [1 wk] | Checklist and QCPR [2 yr] |
| Beck, 2015 [26] | 5-min objective, structured clinical examination | + | CC [depth/rate] | - | - | Checklist | - |
| Monteiro, 2021 [27] | Questionnaire (10 items on the theory, 4 items on efficacy) | + | CC | - | K-test and attitude | K-test and attitude [1 d-1 wk] | K-test and attitude [6 months] |
| Tony, 2020 [28] | Questionnaire | + | CC-V [rate] | - | K-test | K-test | - |
| Aguila, 2019 [29] | Questionnaire, practical skills on a manikin, and attitude assessment | + | CC-V [rate] | - | K-test and attitude | QCPR [im], K-test and attitude [1 wk] | K-test and attitude [6 months] |
| Kua, 2018 [30] | Questionnaire and attitude assessment | + | CC [depth/rate] | + | K-test and attitude | K-test and attitude | - |
| Li, 2018 [31] | Questionnaire, practical skills on a manikin, and attitude assessment | + | CC-V [depth/rate] | - | K-test and attitude | K-test and QCPR | - |
| Ballesteros, 2020 [32] | Questionnaire | + | CC-V [rate] | - | K-test | K-test | K-test (only practical group) [2 months] |
| Lukas, 2016 [33] | Questionnaire, self-efficacy, and practical assessment | + | CC-V [depth/rate] | - | K-test, QCPR and attitude | - | K-test and QCPR [1, 3 and 6 yr] and attitude [3 and 6 yr] |
| Nord, 2016 [34] | Practical skills | + | CC-V [depth/rate] | - | - | QCPR | QCPR [6 months] |
| Onan, 2019 [35] | Questionnaire, observable BLS checklist, BLS skill measurement, and attitude assessment | + | CC-V [depth/rate] | - | K-test and attitude | K-test, checklist, QCPR and attitude [1 wk] | - |
| Otero-Agra, 2019 [36] | Practical 2-min CPR quality test | - | CC [depth/rate] | - | - | QCPR [1 wk] | - |
| Kitamura, 2016 [37] | Questionnaire and attitude assessment | - | CC | + | Attitude | K-test | - |
| Kesici, 2021 [38] | Questionnaire, BLS checklist, and attitude assessment | + | CC-V [depth/rate] | + | K-test, checklist and attitude | K-test, checklist and attitude | - |
| Pivac, 2021 [39] | Questionnaire | + | CC | + | K-test | K-test | - |
| Wingen, 2018 [40] | Questionnaire and attitude assessment | + | CC-V [depth/rate] | - | K-test and attitude | K-test and attitude | K-test and attitude [6 months] |
| Semeraro, 2017 [41] | Questionnaire and 2-min QCPR test | - | CC [depth/rate] | - | K-test and QCPR | QCPR [2 months] | K-test and QCPR [5 months] |
| So, 2020 [42] | Questionnaire, scenario-based test, and attitude assessment | + | CC [depth/rate] | + | K-test and attitude | Checklist | K-test, checklist and attitude [3 months] |
| Tsai, 2019 [43] | Questionnaire and attitude assessment | + | CC [rate] | - | K-test | K-test [1 wk] | - |
| Varela-Casal, 2021 [44] | BLS simulation scenario | + | - | - | Checklist | Checklist [1 wk] | Checklist [1 month] |
| Vetter, 2016 [45] | Questionnaire, scenario-based psychomotor test, and attitude assessment. For the study group: scenario-based assessment at follow-up | + | CC-V [depth/rate] | + | K-test, checklist, QCPR and attitude | K-test, checklist, QCPR and attitude [2 months] | Checklist and QCPR [12 months] |
| Gabriel, 2019 [46] | Questionnaire and BLS checklist | + | CC-V [depth/rate] | + | K-test | K-test and checklist [4 d] | - |
| Yeung, 2017 [47] | Questionnaire, attitude assessment, and BLS checklist | + | CC-V [depth/rate] | - | K-test and attitude | Checklist, QCPR and attitude | Checklist and QCPR [3 months and 6 months] |
| Zeleke, 2019 [48] | Emergency (911) call and CC checklist | - | CC [rate] | - | - | Checklist | - |
| Suss-Havemann, 2020 [49] | 3-min scenario checklist and attitude assessment | + | CC [depth/rate] | + | - | Checklist, QCPR and attitude | Checklist, QCPR and attitude [9 months] |
| Schmid, 2018 [50] | Questionnaire | + | CC [depth/rate] | - | K-test | K-test | - |
AED Automated external defibrillator, BLS Basic life support, CC Chest compression, CC-V Chest compression and ventilation, im immediately, K-test Knowledge test, OHCA Out-of-hospital cardiac arrest, QCPR Quality of cardiopulmonary resuscitation, wk Week, yr year