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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2025 Jun 6.
Published in final edited form as: Clin Chem. 2013 Sep 18;60(1):174–185. doi: 10.1373/clinchem.2013.207217

Table 4.

Adjusted geometric mean plasma concentrations of SHBG by categories of red meat, fish, egg, dairy, and soy intakes in the WHI, 1993–1998.

SHBG concentrations, nmol/L P for linear trenda P for quadratic trenda
(Lowest) 95% CI Geometric mean 95% CI Geometric mean 95% CI Geometric mean 95% CI (Highest) 95% CI
Geometric mean Geometric mean
Red meat
 Median, servings/week (n) 0 (1974) 0.5 (7588) 2.0 (2027) 3.5 (1718) 7.6 (206)
 Range, servings/week 0  <1  1–2  2–7  ≥7 
 Model 2b 48.2 44.6–53.4 47.4 43.3–51.9 46.2 42.4–50.4 44.7 40.3–49.6 46.6 39.3–55.2 0.04 0.03
Fish
 Median, servings/week (n) 0 (725) 0.6 (4748) 1.5 (3825) 3.0 (3925) 8.5 (290)
 Range, servings/week 0  <1  1–2  2–7  ≥7 
 Model 2b 46.9 42.3–51.8 47.1 43.2–51.4 47.2 42.6–52.2 46.9 42.8–51.3 48.4 43.1–54.5 0.44 0.14
Egg
 Median, servings/week (n) 0 (2368) 0.5 (7919) 2.0 (2042) 3.4 (1074) 3.5 (110)
 Range, servings/week 0  <1  1–2  2–7  ≥7 
 Model 2b 47.3 42.7–52.3 47.2 43.3–51.5 47.0 42.2–52.4 45.9 41.5–50.7 44.9 38.9–51.8 0.03 0.57
Dairy
 Median, servings/week (n) 0.5 (419) 1.6 (590) 4.6 (3750) 11.9 (6803) 26.7 (1951)
 Range, servings/week <1  1–2  2–7  7–21  ≥21
 Model 2b 51.2 44.3–59.2 48.2 43.0–53.9 47.1 42.6–52.2 47.3 43.5–51.3 45.5 41.3–50.0 0.11 0.56
Soy
 Median, servings/week (n) 0 (11 397) 0.3 (1526) 2.0 (247) 3.5 (268) 7.6 (75)
 Range, servings/week 0  <1  1–2  2–7  ≥7 
 Model 2b 46.8 43.0–50.9 47.4 42.7–52.6 49.4 43.0–56.8 53.4 46.2–61.7 47.9 39.2–58.5 0.007 0.18
a

Based on median values in categories of the participants.

b

Model 2, geometric mean and CI of SHBG concentrations and P values for linear trend and quadratic trend were estimated using the random-effects model with adjustment for age (continuous), ethnicity (categorical), BMI (continuous), cigarette smoking (never, past, or current), alcohol consumption (none/past drinkers, <1 drink/week, or ≥1 drink/week), physical activity (metabolic equivalent (MET)-hours per week) (continuous), total energy intake (continuous), and reproductive history: use of exogenous estrogen, use of oral contraceptives, age of menarche (<13 vs ≥13 years), age of first pregnancy (<20 vs ≥20 years), parity (<5 vs ≥5 live births), and marital status (currently married vs not married).