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. 2025 Jun 6;8:340. doi: 10.1038/s41746-025-01703-1

Table 1.

Description of study population

Characteristic Total Cohort (N = 120)
Age, years, mean (SD) 70.4 (13.7)
Sex
 Female 52 (43.3%)
 Male 68 (56.7%)
Race
 Asian 10 (8.3%)
 Black or African American 35 (29.2%)
 White 27 (22.5%)
 Unknown/Not reported 48 (40.0%)
Elixhauser comorbidity indexa 0 [0–5]
Elixhauser comorbidities
 AIDS/HIV 2 (2.5%)
 Alcohol abuse 1 (1.3%)
 Cardiac arrhythmia 12 (15.0%)
 Congestive heart failure 12 (15.0%)
 Chronic pulmonary disease 8 (10.0%)
 Depression 3 (3.8%)
 Drug abuse 1 (1.3%)
 Fluid and electrolyte disorders 1 (1.3%)
 Hypothyroidism 7 (8.8%)
 Hypertension, uncomplicated 47 (58.8%)
 Liver disease 2 (2.5%)
 Metastatic cancer 1 (1.3%)
 Obesity 2 (2.5%)
 Other neurological disorders 4 (5.0%)
 Pulmonary circulation disorders 1 (1.3%)
 Psychoses 1 (1.3%)
 Peripheral vascular disorders 2 (2.5%)
 Renal failure 5 (6.3%)
 Rheumatoid arthritis/collagen vascular disease 1 (1.3%)
 Solid tumor without metastasis 7 (8.8%)
 Valvular disease 3 (3.8%)
Occlusion location
 Intracranial or extracranial internal carotid artery 18 (15.0%)
 Anterior cerebral artery 3 (2.5%)
 Middle cerebral artery 88 (73.3%)
 Vertebral artery or top of basilar artery 2 (1.7%)
 Posterior cerebral artery 9 (7.5%)
Initial NIH stroke scaleb 12 [6–20]
Time between CTP and last known well, hours 13.7 [8.9–23.2]
Time between initial neuroimaging and CTP, minutes 22.7 [16.8–29.9)]
Mechanical thrombectomy
 Yes 75 (62.5%)
 No 45 (37.5%)
Penumbra volume (Tmax > 6 s), cc 91.5 [40.8–164.5]
Core volume (CBF < 30%), cc 7.4 [0.0–30.3]
Penumbra-to-core ratio
 P:C > = 1.8 106 (88.3%)
 P:C < 1.8 14 (11.7%)

SD standard deviation, NIH National Institutes of Health, CTP computed tomographic perfusion of brain, CTH computed tomography of head without contrast, Tmax time to maximal contrast density, CBF cerebral blood flow, cc cubic centimeters.

Note: Categorical variables are reported as n (%); continuous variables are reported as median [IQR] unless otherwise specified.

aElixhauser comorbidity index was collected for 80 (66.7%) patients.

b Initial NIH stroke scale which was collected for 113 (94.2%) patients.