Table 2.
Change in Prevalence and Treatment of Metabolic Syndrome and Its Components by Race and Ethnicity, Comparing 1999–2002 vs 2015–2018
| Black Individuals Percentage Points (95% CI) |
P Value | Hispanic Individuals Percentage Points (95% CI) |
P Value | White Individuals Percentage Points (95% CI) |
P Value | Total Percentage Points (95% CI) |
P Value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Overall prevalence of metabolic syndrome | ||||||||
| Change in prevalence, 1999–2018 | +9.53 (5.27-13.79) | <0.001 | +10.93 (5.37-16.49) | <0.001 | +11.74 (7.90-15.59) | <0.001 | +11.07 (8.05-14.09) | <0.001 |
| Difference with White, 1999–2002 | −8.44 (−12.07 to −4.81) | <0.001 | −4.00 (−9.63 to 1.63) | 0.157 | - | - | - | - |
| Difference with White, 2015–2018 | −10.32 (−14.86 to −5.79) | <0.001 | −3.91 (−8.35 to 0.53) | 0.082 | - | - | - | - |
| Change in difference with White, 1999–2018 | −2.08 (−7.61 to 3.44) | 0.453 | −0.86 (−7.81 to 6.09) | 0.805 | - | - | - | - |
| Prevalence of elevated blood pressure | ||||||||
| Change in prevalence, 1999–2018 | +6.03 (−0.68 to 12.73) | 0.077 | +6.69 (−0.02 to 13.39) | 0.051 | −0.32 (−4.23 to 3.60) | 0.872 | +0.94 (−2.54 to 4.42) | 0.592 |
| Difference with White, 1999–2002 | +4.54 (0.94-8.15) | 0.015 | −15.30 (−21.03 to −9.56) | <0.001 | - | - | - | - |
| Difference with White, 2015–2018 | +11.63 (6.14-17.12) | <0.001 | −7.10 (−12.53 to −1.68) | 0.012 | - | - | - | - |
| Change in difference with White, 1999–2018 | +6.63 (0.35-12.91) | 0.039 | +7.09 (−0.66 to 14.85) | 0.072 | - | - | - | - |
| Prevalence of elevated fasting glucose | ||||||||
| Change in prevalence, 1999–2018 | +20.43 (14.50-26.35) | <0.001 | +26.78 (21.19-32.38) | <0.001 | +27.44 (23.26-31.61) | <0.001 | +26.39 (22.70-30.08) | <0.001 |
| Difference with White, 1999–2002 | −7.16 (−12.69 to −1.63) | 0.013 | +3.96 (−1.12 to 9.05) | 0.122 | - | - | - | - |
| Difference with White, 2015–2018 | −13.80 (−18.14 to −9.46) | <0.001 | +4.26 (−0.05 to 8.56) | 0.052 | - | - | - | - |
| Change in difference with White, 1999–2018 | −6.97 (−13.74 to −0.19) | 0.044 | −0.69 (−7.01 to 5.63) | 0.828 | - | - | - | - |
| Prevalence of elevated triglyceride | ||||||||
| Change in prevalence, 1999–2018 | +5.92 (1.69-10.15) | 0.007 | −1.06 (−7.17 to 5.04) | 0.727 | +0.10 (−4.32 to 4.52) | 0.963 | +0.27 (−3.16 to 3.70) | 0.875 |
| Difference with White, 1999–2002 | −20.26 (−24.97 to −15.55) | <0.001 | −2.73 (−8.73 to 3.26) | 0.358 | - | - | - | - |
| Difference with White, 2015–2018 | −13.81 (−17.76 to −9.86) | <0.001 | −3.06 (−7.34 to 1.22) | 0.155 | - | - | - | - |
| Change in difference with White, 1999–2018 | +5.84 (−0.21 to 11.88) | 0.058 | −1.37 (−8.56 to 5.81) | 0.703 | - | - | - | - |
| Prevalence of elevated waist circumference | ||||||||
| Change in prevalence, 1999–2018 | +9.16 (3.51-14.81) | 0.002 | +19.22 (13.34-25.11) | <0.001 | +15.27 (9.90-20.64) | <0.001 | +14.88 (10.58-19.19) | <0.001 |
| Difference with White, 1999–2002 | +3.35 (−2.61 to 9.31) | 0.259 | −2.06 (−7.29 to 3.16) | 0.425 | - | - | - | - |
| Difference with White, 2015–2018 | −2.32 (−7.72 to 3.08) | 0.386 | +2.44 (−3.71 to 8.59) | 0.423 | - | - | - | - |
| Change in difference with White, 1999–2018 | −6.18 (−13.91 to 1.55) | 0.115 | +3.94 (−4.01 to 11.88) | 0.325 | - | - | - | - |
| Prevalence of reduced HDL-C | ||||||||
| Change in prevalence, 1999–2018 | +0.84 (−4.72 to 6.40) | 0.762 | −0.71 (−6.70 to 5.27) | 0.811 | +1.86 (−2.77 to 6.49) | 0.425 | +1.34 (−2.25 to 4.93) | 0.459 |
| Difference with White, 1999–2002 | −6.98 (−12.78 to −1.19) | 0.02 | +1.19 (−3.90 to 6.29) | 0.635 | - | - | - | - |
| Difference with White, 2015–2018 | −7.54 (−13.02 to −2.06) | 0.009 | −0.97 (−6.48 to 4.55) | 0.722 | - | - | - | - |
| Change in difference with White, 1999–2018 | −0.97 (−8.67 to 6.74) | 0.803 | −2.75 (−10.06 to 4.55) | 0.453 | - | - | - | - |
| Use of antihypertensive medications | ||||||||
| Change in prevalence, 1999–2018 | +3.02 (−9.08 to 15.11) | 0.616 | +18.16 (5.35-30.96) | 0.007 | +15.11 (6.08-24.13) | 0.001 | +13.32 (6.69-19.94) | <0.001 |
| Difference with White, 1999–2002 | +13.36 (2.93-23.79) | 0.001 | −25.48 (−34.97 to −16.00) | <0.001 | - | - | - | - |
| Difference with White, 2015–2018 | +1.24 (−11.30 to 13.79) | 0.841 | −23.19 (−38.90 to −7.48) | 0.005 | - | - | - | - |
| Change in difference with White, 1999–2018 | −12.09 (−28.21 to 4.03) | 0.138 | +3.05 (−14.61 to 20.71) | 0.731 | - | - | - | - |
| Use of antihyperglycemic medications | ||||||||
| Change in prevalence, 1999–2018 | +4.42 (−8.13 to 16.98) | 0.479 | +8.25 (−1.79 to 18.28) | 0.104 | +6.27 (−0.09 to 12.64) | 0.053 | +6.27 (1.16-11.39) | 0.017 |
| Difference with White, 1999–2002 | +13.79 (1.46-26.11) | 0.030 | +2.29 (−4.62 to 9.21) | 0.502 | - | - | - | - |
| Difference with White, 2015–2018 | +12.07 (4.66-19.47) | 0.002 | +3.89 (−6.57 to 14.35) | 0.452 | - | - | - | - |
| Change in difference with White, 1999–2018 | −1.85 (−16.07 to 12.37) | 0.795 | +1.98 (−10.19 to 14.14) | 0.746 | - | - | - | - |
| Use of lipid-lowering medications | ||||||||
| Change in prevalence, 1999–2018 | +30.49 (22.18-38.79) | <0.001 | +20.83 (11.45-30.21) | <0.001 | +23.78 (15.22-32.34) | <0.001 | +23.25 (16.75-29.75) | <0.001 |
| Difference with White, 1999–2002 | −7.86 (−17.49 to 1.77) | 0.106 | −18.36 (−25.59 to −11.13) | <0.001 | - | - | - | - |
| Difference with White, 2015–2018 | −0.56 (−8.22 to 7.09) | 0.882 | −20.74 (−29.96 to −11.52) | <0.001 | - | - | - | - |
| Change in difference with White, 1999–2018 | +6.71 (−5.42 to 18.83) | 0.272 | −2.95 (−14.52 to 8.62) | 0.611 | - | - | - | - |
P values for comparisons between 1999–2002 and 2015–2018 were calculated using weighted two-sample t-tests for proportions. Trend P values were derived from weighted linear regression analyses, incorporating NHANES survey design and weights to assess changes from 1999 to 2018.
HDL-C = high-density lipoprotein cholesterol.