Skip to main content
. 2025 May 23;27:e71741. doi: 10.2196/71741

Table 5.

Simple effects of time.

Variables MDa (SE) df P value Generalized η2
Depressive symptoms

Group 1b 0.162


T2c-T1d −4.451 (0.605) 50 <.001


T3e-T1 −1.490 (0.572) 50 .02


T4f-T1 −3.510 (0.485) 50 <.001


T3-T2 2.961 (0.710) 50 <.001


T4-T2 0.941 (0.580) 50 .38


T4-T3 −2.020 (0.430) 50 <.001

Group 2g 0.078


T2-T1 −3.688 (0.662) 47 <.001


T3-T1 −1.667 (0.610) 47 .04


T4-T1 −2.167 (0.576) 47 .003


T3-T2 2.021 (0.563) 47 .004


T4-T2 1.521 (0.667) 47 .03


T4-T3 −0.500 (0.490) 47 .74

Group 3h 0.034


T2-T1 −1.375 (0.579) 47 .02


T3-T1 −1.438 (0.754) 47 .06


T4-T1 −2.313 (0.620) 47 <.001


T3-T2 −0.063 (0.405) 47 .88


T4-T2 −0.938 (0.360) 47 .01


T4-T3 −0.875 (0.463) 47 .07
Anxiety symptoms

Group 1 0.215


T2-T1 −3.588 (0.529) 50 <.001


T3-T1 −2.353 (0.556) 50 <.001


T4-T1 −3.863 (0.482) 50 <.001


T3-T2 1.235 (0.364) 50 .01


T4-T2 −0.275 (0.291) 50 .78


T4-T3 −1.510 (0.389) 50 .002

Group 2 0.081


T2-T1 −3.063 (0.793) 47 <.001


T3-T1 −1.417 (0.646) 47 .03


T4-T1 −3.021 (0.527) 47 <.001


T3-T2 1.646 (0.661) 47 .02


T4-T2 0.042 (0.753) 47 .96


T4-T3 −1.604 (0.584) 47 .01

Group 3 0.053


T2-T1 −0.125 (0.626) 47 .84


T3-T1 −1.458 (0.607) 47 .02


T4-T1 −2.292 (0.555) 47 <.001


T3-T2 −1.333 (0.461) 47 .01


T4-T2 −2.167 (0.481) 47 <.001


T4-T3 −0.833 (0.490) 47 .10
Fatigue

Group 1 0.124


T2-T1 −3.137 (0.465) 50 <.001


T3-T1 −2.098 (0.628) 50 .01


T4-T1 −3.392 (0.505) 50 <.001


T3-T2 1.039 (0.480) 50 .04


T4-T2 −0.255 (0.485) 50 .95


T4-T3 −1.294 (0.430) 50 .02

Group 2 0.095


T2-T1 −3.125 (0.444) 47 <.001


T3-T1 −1.896 (0.532) 47 .01


T4-T1 −2.417 (0.524) 47 <.001


T3-T2 1.229 (0.440) 47 .04


T4-T2 0.708 (0.535) 47 .55


T4-T3 −0.521 (0.541) 47 .77

Group 3 0.061


T2-T1 −0.729 (0.526) 47 .17


T3-T1 −2.062 (0.511) 47 <.001


T4-T1 −2.292 (0.456) 47 <.001


T3-T2 −1.333 (0.587) 47 .03


T4-T2 −1.562 (0.549) 47 .01


T4-T3 −0.229 (0.537) 47 .67
Mindfulness

Group 1 0.244


T2-T1 −7.176 (0.784) 50 <.001


T3-T1 −1.843 (1.140) 50 .38


T4-T1 −2.745 (0.911) 50 .02


T3-T2 5.333 (0.888) 50 <.001


T4-T2 4.431 (0.851) 50 <.001


T4-T3 −0.902 (0.790) 50 .67

Group 2 0.098


T2-T1 −3.729 (0.802) 47 <.001


T3-T1 −0.479 (0.887) 47 .59


T4-T1 −1.729 (0.837) 47 .04


T3-T2 3.250 (0.777) 47 <.001


T4-T2 2.000 (0.727) 47 .01


T4-T3 −1.250 (0.635) 47 .05

Group 3 0.003


T2-T1 −0.375 (0.919) 47 .98


T3-T1 0.271 (1.049) 47 .99


T4-T1 −0.375 (0.950) 47 .98


T3-T2 0.646 (0.736) 47 .82


T4-T2 <0.001 (0.678) 47 .99


T4-T3 −0.646 (0.908) 47 .89

aMD: mean difference.

bGroup 1: neurofeedback-assisted online mindfulness intervention group.

cT2: postintervention.

dT1: baseline.

eT3: 1-month follow-up.

fT4: 3-month follow-up.

gGroup 2: conventional online mindfulness intervention group.

hGroup 3: control group.