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. 2025 Jun 7;8:181. doi: 10.1038/s42004-025-01561-8

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© The Author(s) 2025

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Fig. 4 — a Absorption spectra of BW3MP, where ε is the molar absorption coefficient, b, c Emission spectra of BW3MP in MeOH/H₂O (25:75) and DMSO solution with 82.3 mW·cm⁻² at 405 nm irradiation, λ_ex = 410 nm. The dihedral angle changing and their energy of BW3 (d) and BW3MP (e). In both the S₀ and S₁ states of BW3MP, the pyrene and benzene rings remain coplanar (as calculated using Gaussian 09 software with IRC analysis at a step size of 6°). f a-PET effect of BW3MP.