Table 3.
The list of loading method, encapsulation efficiency (EE)/loading capacity (LC), and exosome origin in various neuronal diseases [[8], [9], [10], [11], [12], [13], [14], [15], [16], [17], [18], [19], [20], [21], [22], [23], [24], [25]].
| TCM monomer | Exosome origin | Loading method | EE(%)/LC (%) | Disease | Refs. |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ber/Pal | Microglial cells | Sonication | LC: 15.43 ± 2.19 (Ber) and14.05 ± 2.90 (Pal) | AD | [8] |
| Ber | M2-type primary peritoneal macrophages | Sonication | LC: 17.13 ± 1.64 | SCI | [9] |
| Cory-B | HT22 cells | Sonication | LC: 28% | AD | [10] |
| Bai, Hed, and Nef | Neuro-2a and differentiated PC-12 cells | Room temperature incubation | – | AD | [11] |
| Bai | RAW264.7 cells | Sonication | EE: 45.7 and LC: 11.4 | I/R | [12] |
| Cur | Macrophage RAW264.7 | Cur pre-treated cells | EE: 84.8 and LC: 15.1 | AD | [13] |
| Cur | hEnSCs | Room temperature incubation | EE: 31 | PD | [14] |
| Cur | MSCs | – | LC: 75.53 | PD | [15] |
| Cur | EL-4 cells | Incubation | – | MS | [16] |
| Cur | RAW264.7 cells | Incubation | EE: 82.7 and LC: 14.5 | I/R | [17] |
| Cur | MESC | Freeze-thawing cycle | – | I/R | [18] |
| Cur | Whole blood | Sonication | EE: 34.0 and LC: 13.6 | I/R | [19] |
| Cur | RAW264.7 cells | Electroporation | – | Glioma | [20] |
| ECG | Fresh bovine milk | Sonication | LC: 25.96 ± 0.45 | PD | [21] |
| RSV | RAW264.7 cells | Sonication | LC: 19.34 ± 0.37 | MS | [22] |
| Que | Whole blood of SD rats | Sonication | EE: 34.0 and LC:13.6 | I/R | [23] |
| TMZ/DHT | GL261 | Sonication | EE: 83.99 ± 2.54 (DHT) | Glioma | [24] |
| SAB/CPT | Serum of rats | Electroporation | EE: 89.7 ± 2.57 (SAB) and 84.7 ± 9.35 (CPT) | Glioma | [25] |
EE% = (weight of exosomal TCM monomer/weight of initially added TCM monomer) × 100%; LC% = (Weight of exosomal TCM monomer/Weight of exosomal TCM monomer) × 100%. Ber: berberine; Pal: palmatine; AD: Alzheimer's disease; SCI: spinal cord injury; Cory-B: corynoxine-B; Bai: baicalin; Hed: hederageni; Nef: neferine; I/R: ischemia and reperfusion injury; Cur: curcumin; hEnSCs: human endometrial stem cells; MSCs: mesenchymal stem cell; PD: Parkinson’s disease; MS: multiple sclerosis; MESC: mouse embryonic stem cell; ECG: epicatechin gallate; RSV: resveratrol; Que: quercetin; SD: Sprague-Dawley; TMZ: temozolomide; DHT: dihydrotanshinone; SAB: salvianolic acid B; CPT: cryptotanshinone.