Table 2.

GEE model of the association between mobile phone ownership and alcohol use over time.

Predictor	Odds Ratio (95 % c.i.)	Coefficient (95 % c.i.)	Std Err
Age	1.38 (1.27, 1.49)	0.32 (0.24, 0.40)	0.06
Biological sex	0.91 (0.82, 1.01)	−0.10 (−0.20, 0.01)	0.05
Household income	1.00 (1.00, 1.00)	0.00 (−0.01, 0.01)	<0.01
Racial/ethnic background
Black or African American	0.24 (0.19, 0.31)	−1.41 (−1.66, −1.17)	0.03
Hispanic or Latino	0.53 (0.45, 0.62)	−0.64 (−0.79, −0.49)	0.04
Asian	0.37 (0.23, 0.60)	−0.99 (−1.48, −0.51)	0.09
Other	0.72 (0.61, 0.86)	−0.32 (−0.50, −0.15)	0.07
Time	0.91 (0.87, 0.96)	−0.09 (−0.14, −0.04)	0.02
Mobile phone ownership	1.34 (1.18, 1.51)	0.29 (0.16, 0.41)

Note: c.i. = confidence interval; biological sex was coded as 0 = male, 1 = female; racial/ethnic background was coded as a categorical variable with non-Hispanic white as the reference category.