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. 2025 May 1;25(2):1–177.

Table 12:

Response to Treatment, nVNS vs. Standard of Care, Prevention, Cluster Headache

Author, year (study) Participants, nVNS/control, n Response to treatment, n (%)a RR (95% CI)
nVNS Control
Gaul et al, 201653 (PREVA) 45/48 18 (40) 4 (8.3) 4.8 (1.76—13.10)b

Abbreviations: CI, confidence interval; nVNS, noninvasive vagus nerve stimulation; RR, relative risk; SE, standard error.

a

Response was defined as the proportion of people with a reduction of 50% or greater in the mean number of cluster headache attacks per week.

b

Calculated based on data provided in the study.