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. 2025 May 1;25(2):1–177.

Table 16:

Baseline Patient Characteristics of Studies Included in the Clinical Literature Review, Migraine

Author, year (study) Migraine subtype, % episodic Mean age, (SD), y Male, % Reported race or ethnicity, % Mean no. of headache days per mo (SD) Mean no. of migraine days per mo, (SD) Preventive medication use, % Acute medication use, mean (SD) or %
nVNS Control nVNS Control
Silberstein et al, 201656 (EVENT) 0 39 10.2 Caucasian: 86.4
Black: 5.1
Other: 8.5
nVNS 20.8 (5.0)
Control 22.3 (4.9)
NR Not permitted in previous 30 d Not permitted in previous 30 d Overall: 89.8% Overall: 89.8%
Tassorelli et al, 201855 (PRESTO) 100 nVNS 38.8 (11.0)
Control 39.6 (11.8)
23.5 Caucasian: 100 nVNS 6.3 (2.3)
Control 6.2 (2.1)
No. of attacks
nVNS 5.4 (1.5)
Control 5.4 (1.5)
35a 28.5a Mean use per mo: 5.6 d Mean use per mo: 5.3 d
Chaudhry et al, 201959 63.3 46.96 (range 27-66) 3.3 NR 16.1c No. of attacks: 12.4b Overall sample: 30.8b,c Overall sample: 88.5%b
Diener et al, 201957 (PREMIUM) 100 nVNS 43.5 (11.1)
Control 41.4 (12.3)
15.7 Caucasian: 94.6 nVNS 8.9 (2.6)
Control 9.1 (2.6)
nVNS 7.9 (2.2)
Control 8.1 (2.0)
Not permitted in previous 30 d Not permitted in previous 30 d Mean use per mo: 6.8 (2.7) d Mean use per mo: 7.0 (2.8) d
Najib et al, 202258 (PREMIUM II) 59.3 nVNS 40.3 (13.9)
Control 44.6 (10.7)
17.7 White or Caucasian: 90.3 nVNS 13.4 (4.0)
Control 12.8 (3.7)
nVNS 9.2 (4.6)
Control 9.9 (3.5)
33.9d 31.6d Mean use per mo: 8.2 (3.5) d Mean use per mo: 8.8 (4.0) d

Abbreviations: NR, not reported; nVNS, noninvasive vagus nerve stimulation; SD, standard deviation.

a

Excluded those with botulinum toxin injections in last 6 mo or head or neck nerve blocks in last 2 mo. Most used were vitamin B2, topiramate, magnesium, and propranolol.

b

Calculated from data provided in study.

c

Most used were beta-blockers, valproic acid, selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors, selective serotonin noradrenaline reuptake inhibitors, and topiramate.

d

Excluded people with 2 or more migraine prevention treatments, injections of onabotulinum toxin A, or calcitonin gene-related peptide-targeting monoclonal antibody drugs within the last 6 mo. Most used were topiramate, propranolol, zonisamide, gabapentin, and over-the-counter supplements.