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. 2025 May 1;25(2):1–177.

Table 19:

Sustained Pain Relief After First Treated Attack, nVNS vs. Control, Acute Treatment, Migraine

Author, year (study) Time, h Participants, nVNS/control, n Sustained pain relief, % RR (95% CI)a P
nVNS Control
Martelletti et al, 201864 (PRESTO) 24 75/58 77.3 79.3 0.98 (0.81-1.17) .78
48 69.3 71 0.98 (0.78-1.23) .87

Abbreviations: CI, confidence interval; nVNS, noninvasive vagus nerve stimulation; RR, relative risk.

a

Calculated using data reported in the study.