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. 2025 May 1;25(2):1–177.

Table 21:

Pain Freedom in 50% or More of Attacks, nVNS vs. Control, Acute Treatment, Migraine

Author, year (study) Participants, nVNS/control, n Pain freedom, n (%) RR (95% CI) P
nVNS Control
Tassorelli et al, 201855 (PRESTO) 105/99 34 (32.4) 18 (18.2) 1.78 (1.08—2.94)a .02

Abbreviations: CI, confidence interval; nVNS, noninvasive vagus nerve stimulation; RR, relative risk.

a

Calculated in Cochrane RevMan40 using data provided.