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. 2025 May 1;25(2):1–177.

Table 35:

Utilities Used in the Economic Model, Cluster Headache

Parameter Mean EQ-5D index scorea Distribution Reference
Baseline utility for people with cluster headache 0.548 (SE 0.082) Lognormal Pietzsch et al, 201595
Change in EQ-5D-3L Index score from baseline to end of randomized phase (4 weeks), standard care alone -0.049 Fixed Gaul et al, 201653 (PREVA)
Difference in utility between the 2 arms at 4 wk 0.194 (95% CI 0.054-0.334) Lognormal Gaul et al, 201653 (PREVA)

Abbreviations: CI, confidence interval; nVNS, noninvasive vagus nerve stimulation; SE, standard error.

a

For distributions where the 95% confidence interval was not reported, we assumed that the standard error was 15% of the mean.