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. 2025 May 1;25(2):1–177.

Table 42a:

Reference Case Analysis, Disaggregated Results, Cluster Headache

Outcome nVNS in addition to standard care, mean (95% CrI) Standard care alone, mean (95%CrI) Mean difference (95% CrI)a,b
Cost outcomes
Total cost per person per year $7,833 ($7,549 to $8,267) $2,516 ($1,975 to $3,070) $5,317 ($4,859 to $5,728)
Cost of nVNS $6,369 $0 $6,369
Cost of acute medication $668 $1,720 -$1,052
Cost of preventive medication $599 $599 $0
Cost of monitoring $1,116 $1,116 $0
Effectiveness outcomes
Number of attacks per year 671 (433 to 908) 872 (712 to 1,030) -201 (-378 to -21)
Total QALYs 0.6941 (0.4642 to 0.8931) 0.4996 (0.3140 to 0.6411) 0.1945 (0.0461 to 0.3276)

Abbreviations: Crl, credible interval; ICER, incremental cost-effectiveness ratio; nVNS; noninvasive vagus nerve stimulation; QALY, quality-adjusted life-year.

a

Results may appear inexact due to rounding.

b

Negative costs indicate savings.