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. 2025 May 1;25(2):1–177.

Table A12:

Percentage of All Attacks Achieving Pain Freedom, nVNS vs. Control, Acute Treatment, Migraine

Author, year (study) Time, min Total attacks, nVNS/control, n Percent (95% CI) P a
nVNS Control
Martelletti et al, 201864 (PRESTO) 120 373/347 22.9 (18.0-28.6) 14.8 (10.5-20.5) .13
60 16.3 (12.1-21.5) 8.6 (5.6-12.9) .005
30 8.6 (5.6-12.9) 5.5 (3.2-9.3) .13

Abbreviations: CI, confidence interval; nVNS, noninvasive vagus nerve stimulation.

a

Study models adjusted for pain score at baseline, use of preventive therapies, and indicator or presence of aura.