Table 18:

Frequency of Adverse Events

Event	Percentage of patients			Source(s)
	Reference case	Plausible range minimum	Plausible range maximum
MRgFUS neurosurgery
None	N/A	N/A	N/A	Clinical review
RFA
Infection	1.6% (1/64)	0.0%	4.8% (1/21)	Montoya et al, 2002113; Sheth et al, 2013108 (reference case)
Cerebral hemorrhage	8.1% (3/37)	0.0%	8.1% (3/37)	Gong et al, 2018107; Liu et al, 2008105; Liu et al, 2017104 (reference case); Zhan et al, 2014106
Gamma Knife radiosurgery
Perilesional edema	12.5% (1/8)	0.0%	12.5% (1/8)	Gupta et al, 2019110; Lopes et al, 20 1433 (reference case); Peker et al, 2020111; Rasmussen et al, 2018109
Brain cyst	12.5% (1/8)	2.5% (1/40)	9.1% (5/55)
DBSa
Infection (surgically treated)	2.0%	N/A	N/A	Gadot et al, 2022112
Hardware malfunction	8.0%	N/A	N/A
Seizure (generalized tonic-clonic)	2.4%	N/A	N/A
Cerebral hemorrhage (with sequalae)	0.8%	N/A	N/A

Abbreviations: DBS, deep brain stimulation; MRgFUS, magnetic resonance-guided focused ultrasound; N/A, not applicable; RFA, radiofrequency ablation.

^aFor scenario analysis only.