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. 2025 Jun 9;14:e103690. doi: 10.7554/eLife.103690

Table 3. Subgroup analyses.

Hazard ratios for incidence of non-COVID-19 death stratified by age group, clinical vulnerability status, and prior infection status in the (A) two-dose analysis and (B) three-dose analysis.

(A) Two-dose analysis Two-dose cohort* Unvaccinated cohort*
Age
<50 years of age
Unadjusted hazard ratio for non-COVID-19 death (95% CI) 0.91 (0.73–1.12)
Adjusted hazard ratio for non-COVID-19 death (95% CI) 0.89 (0.72–1.11)
≥50 years of age
Unadjusted hazard ratio for non-COVID-19 death (95% CI) 0.59 (0.44–0.78)
Adjusted hazard ratio for non-COVID-19 death (95% CI) 0.56 (0.42–0.75)
Clinical vulnerability status
Less clinically vulnerable to severe COVID-19
Unadjusted hazard ratio for non-COVID-19 death (95% CI) 0.99 (0.80–1.23)
Adjusted hazard ratio for non-COVID-19 death (95% CI) 0.98 (0.79–1.22)
More clinically vulnerable to severe COVID-19
Unadjusted hazard ratio for non-COVID-19 death (95% CI) 0.53 (0.41–0.70)
Adjusted hazard ratio for non-COVID-19 death (95% CI) 0.51 (0.39–0.68)
Prior infection status
No prior infection
Unadjusted hazard ratio for non-COVID-19 death (95% CI) 0.76 (0.64–0.90)
Adjusted hazard ratio for non-COVID-19 death (95% CI) 0.74 (0.63–0.89)
Prior pre-omicron infection
Unadjusted hazard ratio for non-COVID-19 death (95% CI) 1.05 (0.48–2.30)
Adjusted hazard ratio for non-COVID-19 death (95% CI) 1.00 (0.45–2.20)
Prior omicron infection
Unadjusted hazard ratio for non-COVID-19 death (95% CI) --
Adjusted hazard ratio for non-COVID-19 death (95% CI) --
Prior pre-omicron & omicron infections
Unadjusted hazard ratio for non-COVID-19 death (95% CI) --
Adjusted hazard ratio for non-COVID-19 death (95% CI) --
(B) Three-dose analysis Three-dose cohort § Two-dose cohort §
Age
<50 years of age
Unadjusted hazard ratio for non-COVID-19 death (95% CI) 0.90 (0.67–1.21)
Adjusted hazard ratio for non-COVID-19 death (95% CI) 0.90 (0.67–1.20)
≥50 years of age
Unadjusted hazard ratio for non-COVID-19 death (95% CI) 0.80 (0.54–1.18)
Adjusted hazard ratio for non-COVID-19 death (95% CI) 0.76 (0.51–1.13)
Clinical vulnerability status
Less clinically vulnerable to severe COVID-19
Unadjusted hazard ratio for non-COVID-19 death (95% CI) 0.91 (0.68–1.23)
Adjusted hazard ratio for non-COVID-19 death (95% CI) 0.91 (0.67–1.22)
More clinically vulnerable to severe COVID-19
Unadjusted hazard ratio for non-COVID-19 death (95% CI) 0.78 (0.54–1.15)
Adjusted hazard ratio for non-COVID-19 death (95% CI) 0.76 (0.52–1.12)
Prior infection status
No prior infection
Unadjusted hazard ratio for non-COVID-19 death (95% CI) 0.80 (0.63–1.03)
Adjusted hazard ratio for non-COVID-19 death (95% CI) 0.79 (0.61–1.01)
Prior pre-omicron infection
Unadjusted hazard ratio for non-COVID-19 death (95% CI) 1.63 (0.71–3.73)
Adjusted hazard ratio for non-COVID-19 death (95% CI) 1.63 (0.71–3.72)
Prior omicron infection
Unadjusted hazard ratio for non-COVID-19 death (95% CI) 1.32 (0.30–5.90)
Adjusted hazard ratio for non-COVID-19 death (95% CI) 1.32 (0.30–5.91)
Prior pre-omicron & omicron infections
Unadjusted hazard ratio for non-COVID-19 death (95% CI) --
Adjusted hazard ratio for non-COVID-19 death (95% CI) --

CI, confidence interval; COVID-19, coronavirus disease 2019; SARS-CoV-2, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2.

*

Cohorts were matched exactly one-to-one by sex, 10-year age group, nationality, type of coexisting conditions, and prior infection status. Persons who received their second vaccine dose in a specific calendar week in the two-dose cohort were additionally matched to persons who had a record for a SARS-CoV-2-negative test in that same calendar week in the unvaccinated cohort, to ensure that matched pairs had presence in Qatar over the same time period.

Adjusted for sex, 10-year age group, nationality, number of coexisting conditions, prior infection status (where applicable), and calendar week of the second vaccine dose for the two-dose cohort or SARS-CoV-2-negative test for the unvaccinated cohort.

Could not be estimated because of no or small number of events.

§

Cohorts were matched exactly one-to-one by sex, 10-year age group, nationality, type of coexisting conditions, prior infection status, and calendar week of the second vaccine dose. Persons who received their third vaccine dose in a specific calendar week in the three-dose cohort were additionally matched to persons who had a record for a SARS-CoV-2-negative test in that same calendar week in the two-dose cohort, to ensure that matched pairs had presence in Qatar over the same time period.

Adjusted for sex, 10-year age group, nationality, number of coexisting conditions, prior infection status (where applicable), and calendar week of the second vaccine dose.