Appendix 1—table 4. Rates of sperm-ZP binding, pronuclear formation, and cleavage after homologous (bovine sperm) and heterologous (human sperm, media A or B) co-incubation with bovine ovarian oocytes (previously incubated with oviductal fluid for 30 min) at different times post-insemination.
| Semen group (N) | Sperm binding | Pronuclear formation | Cleavage | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2.5 hpi n | 6 hpi n (%) | 12 hpi n (%) | 18 hpi n (%) | 22 hpi n (%) | 48 hpi n (%) | |
| Ho (135) | 32 (0.5±0.9)a | 33 (66.7±3.6)a | 70 (85.7±3.4)a | |||
| HeA (267) | 34 (0.01±0.2)b | 38 (0.0±0.0) | 43 (0.0±0.0) | 49 (0.0±0.0)b | 44 (0.0±0.0) | 59 (3.3±2.6)b |
| HeB (235) | 31 (0.03±0.2)b | 36 (0.0±0.0) | 34 (0.0±0.0) | 36 (0.0±0.0)b | 36 (0.0±0.0) | 62 (3.1±4.5)b |
| Parth (46) | 28 (1.8±4.1)b | |||||
Ho = homologous IVF with bovine sperm; HeA = heterologous IVF with human sperm in IVF-G medium; HeB = heterologous IVF with human sperm in Fert medium; Parth = parthenogenic non-fertilized oocytes. ‘N’ refers to the total number of oocytes fertilized per treatment or non-fertilized oocytes (Parth); ‘n’ refers to the total number of fertilized oocytes/presumptive zygotes or non-fertilized oocytes (Parth) recorded at each time point to determine rates of sperm-ZP binding, pronuclear formation and cleavage. Sperm binding was expressed as the average number of spermatozoa that remained bound to the ZP. Pronuclear formation was expressed as the percentage of oocytes with two pronuclei at each time point over the number (n) of oocytes examined. Cleavage rate was expressed as the percentage of two-cell embryos over the number (n) of fertilized or non fertilized (Parth) oocytes. Analysis was conducted by using a one-way ANOVA, followed by Tukey´s post hoc test. Different superscripts (a, b) in the same column indicate significant differences (p<0.05; n=3). Values are expressed as the mean ± SD.