Table 3.
Bivariable analysis of social, demographic characteristics, and clinical variables associations with the adverse outcomes of complication, 30-day readmission, and 30-day mortality.
| Complication | 30-day readmission | 30-day mortality | |
|---|---|---|---|
| OR (95% CI), p value* | OR (95% CI), p value | OR (95% CI), p value | |
| Social factors | |||
| ADI >85% (ref: ≤85%) | 0.79 (0.54–1.15), .22 | 1.03 (0.78–1.36), .82 | 1.70 (0.69–4.15), .25 |
| Residence (ref: Urban) | |||
| Rural/Highly rural | 0.85 (0.67–1.08), .19 | 0.91 (0.75–1.09), .31 | 0.99 (0.48–2.05), .99 |
| Demographic characteristics | |||
| Age (Ref: ≥85 years) | |||
| 65–74 | 2.00 (0.49–8.20), .34 | 1.10 (0.47–2.57), .82 | NA |
| 75–84 | 2.65 (0.64–11.08), .18 | 1.39 (0.58–3.29), .46 | NA |
| Race (Ref: White non-Hispanic) | |||
| Black non-Hispanic | 1.30 (0.97–1.74), .08 | 0.95 (0.73–1.24), .71 | 1.29 (0.53–3.17), .57 |
| Others non-White, non-Black | 0.73 (0.44–1.23), .23 | 0.85 (0.59–1.24), .41 | 0.46 (0.06–3.41), .45 |
| Clinical Factors | |||
| Frailty (RAI-A score) | 1.06 (1.03–1.08), <.001 | 1.05 (1.03 –1.07), <.001 | 1.05 (0.99–1.13), .12 |
| Co-morbidity (Gagne score) | 1.10 (1.06–1.15), <.001 | 1.08 (1.04 –1.12), <.001 | 1.15 (1.03–1.30), .02 |
| Tobacco use (ref: None) | 0.94 (0.71–1.26), .70 | 0.88 (0.70–1.11), .29 | 1.40 (0.62–3.14),.46 |
| BMI (Ref: normal weight) | |||
| Underweight | 0.58 (0.08–4.37), .60 | 0.33 (0.05–2.49), .28 | 5.44 (0.63–46.75), .12 |
| Overweight | 0.84 (0.60–1.18), .31 | 0.80 (0.62–1.05), .11 | 0.88 (0.33–2.35), .80 |
| Class 1 Obesity | 1.05 (0.75–1.49), .77 | 0.92 (0.70–1.21), .56 | 0.48 (0.15–1.58), .23 |
| Class 2 Obesity | 1.13 (0.74–1.72), .57 | 1.13 (0.82–1.58), .44 | 1.42 (0.45–4.42), .55 |
| Class 3 Obesity | 1.87 (1.09–3.22), .02 | 1.30 (0.80–2.10), .29 | 0.79 (0.09–6.56), .82 |
| OSS (Ref:1 or 2) | 1.34 (1.04–1.73), .02 | 1.39 (1.14–1.70), .002 | 1.50 (0.67–3.37), .32 |
| Care Fragmentation (Ref:100%) | 1.08 (0.86–1.36), .51 | 1.19 (0.99–1.43), .07 | 1.24 (0.61–2.52), .55 |
| PASC (Ref: 0) | 2.26 (0.28 –18.45), .45 | NA | NA |
| CPT Codes (ref: Group 1) | |||
| Group 2 | 1.42 (0.85–2.11), .09 | 1.16 (0.85–1.60), .35 | 0.58 (0.20–1.66, .31 |
| Group 3 | 0.88 (0.60–1.28), .49 | 0.75 (0.55–1.01), .06 | 0.40 (0.16–1.05), .06 |
| Group 4 | 0.95 (0.62–1.44), .80 | 1.11 (0.81–1.53), .50 | 0.47 (0.16–1.40), .17 |
ADI, area deprivation index; BMI classification: underweight (<18.5 kg/m2), normal weight 18.5–24.9 kg/m2), overweight (25.0–29.9 kg/m2), class 1 obesity (30.0–34.9 kg/m2,) class 2 obesity (35-39.9 kg/m2), class 3 obesity (≥ 40.0 kg/m2);CPT Group 1, anterior cervical/thoracic fusion; Bold = p<0.05; CPT Code Group 2, posterior cervical/thoracic fusion; CPT Group 3, lumbar decompression, CPT Group 4, lumbar fusion; NA, not able to analyze due to small variable number; OR, Odds Ratio
*Bold = p<.05