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. 2025 May 27;15:1588646. doi: 10.3389/fonc.2025.1588646

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Copyright © 2025 Luo, Liu, Peng, Zhao, Li, Cai, Lei, Zhang and Zhao

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Correlation of GNG7 risk score with immune cell infiltration and immune characteristics in LUAD. (A) Low-risk group shows higher infiltration of memory B cells, CD4+/CD8+ T cells, monocytes, M2 macrophages, and resting dendritic/mast cells (P<0.05). (B) Immune signature scores are significantly elevated in the low-risk group (P<0.001). (C) Stromal, immune, and ESTIMATE scores are higher in the low-risk group (P<0.001). (D) Immune checkpoint genes such as CTLA4, IDO1, and BTLA are more highly expressed in the low-risk group (P<0.001). *p<0.05, **p<0.01, ***p<0.001, ns = not significant.