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. 2025 May 27;16:1551160. doi: 10.3389/fpsyt.2025.1551160

Table 8.

The medication literacy assessment scale for patients with mental disorders in recovery.

The medication literacy assessment scale for patients with mental disorders in recovery Score
Functional Literacy 1. You are taking your psychotropic medication as prescribed by your doctor
□ Always □ Often □ Sometimes □ Rarely □ Never
□5 □4 □3 □2 □1
2. Please name the psychotropic medication you are currently taking (refer to your pill box if needed). □5 □4 □3 □2 □1
3*. What effects does the psychotropic medication you are currently taking have?
Reference options: □ Don’t know □ Antipsychotics □ Antidepressants □ Mood stabilizers □ Anxiolytics □ Sedative-hypnotics □ Cognitive enhancers
□5 □4 □3 □2 □1
4. Please state your current medication status.
Reference options: □ Don’t know □ On time and dosage □ On dosage and not on time □ On time and not on dosage □Neither on time nor on dosage □ Not taking medication
□5 □4 □3 □2 □1
5*. Please specify the exact times you take your medication.
Reference options: □ Don’t know □ Morning fasting □ Taking before meal □ Taking during meal □ Taking after meal □ Taking before bedtime
□5 □4 □3 □2 □1
6. Please specify the total duration for which you should continue taking your current psychiatric medication.
Reference options: □ Don’t know □ Continuous medication, 1-3 years for first episode □ Continuous medication, 3-5 years for single relapse □ Long-term medication for more than two relapses within 5 years □ Long-term treatment for significant residual symptoms □ As directed by doctor
□5 □4 □3 □2 □1
7. Please describe your follow-up appointments after taking psychotropic medication.
Reference options: □ Don’t know □ No need for follow-up □ Strictly adherence to doctor’s orders □ Early or delayed follow-up according to your condition □ Follow-up visit based on personal preference □ Follow-up by your family members
□5 □4 □3 □2 □1
8*. You are required to undergo routine examinations related to your psychotropic medication during treatment.
Reference options: □ Don’t know □ Laboratory tests (blood counts, liver and kidney functions, etc.) □ Electrocardiogram □ B-scan ultrasonography □ Electroencephalography □ Neuropsychological evaluation
□5 □4 □3 □2 □1
9*. Please list the common side effects of the psychotropic medication you are currently taking.
Reference options: □ Don’t know □ General common adverse reactions (gastrointestinal symptoms, cardiovascular system symptoms) □ extra vertebral system reactions (acute dystonia, Parkinson’s-like disease, inability to sit still, and delayed dyskinesia) □ Metabolic syndrome (weight gain, hyperglycemia, hyperlipidemia, and hypertension) □ Disorders of the endocrine system (increased prolactin, menstrual disorders, and abnormalities of sexual function) □ Abnormalities of liver and kidney function □ Excessive Sedation, insomnia, irritability □ Lithium toxicity □ Leukopenia □ Other, please list:
□5 □4 □3 □2 □1
10*. Please specify the precautions you should take while using psychotropic medication.
Reference options: □ Don’t know □ Monitor medication dosage □ Check medication expiration date □ Understand drug interactions □ Be aware of adverse drug reactions □ Know indications and contraindications □ Knowing the special medication population (pregnant women, children, elderly, etc.) □ Other, please list:
□5 □4 □3 □2 □1
Communicative Literacy 11. How often do you access information on psychotropic medication from public sources, like books, internet?
□ Always □ Often □ Sometimes □ Rarely □ Never
□5 □4 □3 □2 □1
12. How often do you access information on psychotropic medication from a loved one or friend?
□ Always □ Often □ Sometimes □ Rarely □ Never
□5 □4 □3 □2 □1
13. How often do you access information on psychotropic medication from health education lectures held by hospitals or the community?
□ Always □ Often □ Sometimes □ Rarely □ Never
□5 □4 □3 □2 □1
14. How often do you consult healthcare professionals about information related to your current psychotropic medication (such as side effect precautions, risks and benefits, or adjustment methods)?
□ Always □ Often □ Sometimes □ Rarely □ Never
□5 □4 □3 □2 □1
15. How often do you report any adverse reactions or side effects from your current psychotropic medication to healthcare professionals?
□ Always □ Often □ Sometimes □ Rarely □ Never
□5 □4 □3 □2 □1
16. How often do you participate in peer support groups or group interventions to discuss your current psychotropic
medication?
□ Always □ Often □ Sometimes □ Rarely □ Never
□5 □4 □3 □2 □1
Critical Literacy 17. Please indicate the typical time it takes for your current psychotropic medication to take effect after administration.
Reference options: □ Don’t know □ Within 24 hours □ Within 1 week □ 2-3 weeks □ After one month
□5 □4 □3 □2 □1
18*. Please indicate the factors that may affect medication effectiveness during treatment.
Reference options: □ Don’t know □ Switched to a different manufacturer for the same medication □ Changed medication type □ Changed medication timing □ Adjusted medication dosage □ Adjusted medication frequency □ Stopped taking medication □ Irregular lifestyle or routine □ Smoking, alcohol, strong tea, or coffee, etc. □ Other, please list:
□5 □4 □3 □2 □1
19. What should you do if you miss a dose of your medication?
Reference options: □ Don’t know □ Ignore □ Take double dose with next dose □ Skip the missed dose and take the next dose as scheduled □ Time between next dose of medication □ Consult psychiatrists □ Other, please list:
□5 □4 □3 □2 □1
20. What actions do you usually take if you accidentally take the wrong dose or an overdose of your medication?
Reference options: □ Don’t know □ Ignore □ Attempt to accelerate metabolism (e.g., self-induced vomiting) □ Consult psychiatrists immediately □ Other, please list:
□5 □4 □3 □2 □1
21. How do you usually manage changes in your condition while on medication?
Reference options: □ Don’t know □ Self-discontinuation of medication □ Adhere to the prescribed medication dosage and review at the same time □ Self-adjustment of dosage of medication □ Consult psychiatrists immediately □ Other, please list:
□5 □4 □3 □2 □1
22. What do you usually do if you feel that your medication is ineffective?
Reference options: □ Don’t know □ Self-discontinuation of medication □ Adhere to the prescribed medication dosage and review at the same time □ Self-adjustment of dosage of medication □Consult psychiatrists immediately □ Other, please list:
□5 □4 □3 □2 □1
23*. How do you manage side effects while taking your medication?
Reference options: □ Don’t know □ Actively manage, and handling common or persistent side effects according to psychiatrist’s guidance (e.g., using laxatives for constipation) □ Passively cope, such as adjusting the dose or stopping the medication on your own □ Ignore unavoidable medication side effects □ Consult psychiatrists immediately for severe side effects □ Constant side effects, no special attention needed □ Take no action □ Other, please list:
□5 □4 □3 □2 □1
24*. Please state the indications for discontinuing your current psychotropic medication.
Reference options: □ Don’t know □ Discontinue when symptoms disappear □ Discontinue if perceived as ineffective □ Discontinue as per doctor’s instructions □ Lifelong medication, cannot discontinue □ For first episode, taper off medication after the maintenance phase □ For recurrent cases, taper off if the condition remains stable for over 3 years with no significant fluctuations □ Discontinue if serious drug-related adverse effects occur (e.g., malignant syndrome, myocarditis, agranulocytosis) □ Other, please list:
□5 □4 □3 □2 □1
25*. Please describe the potential risks of interrupting your medication during treatment.
Reference options: □ Don’t know □ No impact □ Withdrawal syndrome (dizziness, pain, inexplicable discomfort, anxiety, tachycardia, etc.) □ Relapse or worsening of mental illness □ Affecting the recovery effect □ Increasing the cost of treatment
□5 □4 □3 □2 □1
26. How do you typically handle situations when your prescribed treatment conflicts with your personal preferences for taking medication?
Reference options: □ Don’t know □ Take medication according to personal preference □ Follow the prescribed medication □ Actively discuss medication options with the doctor □ Other, please list:
□5 □4 □3 □2 □1
27. What do you consider to be the most critical points in assessing the efficacy of psychotropic medications?
Reference options: □ Don’t know □ Psychotic symptoms □ Physical condition □ Social functioning
□ Daily living abilities □ Insight recovery □ Other, please list:
□5 □4 □3 □2 □1
Numeracy 28. Please converting gram (g) to milligrams (mg) on the medication packaging (e.g., 1g =? mg; 0.1g =? mg).
□ Fully aware □ Knows enough □ Knows some □ Knows a little □ Doesn’t know at all
□5 □4 □3 □2 □1
29. Please calculate the number of tablets required for the prescribed dosage each time.
□ Fully aware □ Knows enough □ Knows some □ Knows a little □ Doesn’t know at all
□5 □4 □3 □2 □1
30. Please specify the number of times per day you take your current psychotropic medication.
□ Fully aware □ Knows enough □ Knows some □ Knows a little □ Doesn’t know at all
□5 □4 □3 □2 □1
31. Please specify the maximum daily dosage of your current medication.
□ Fully aware □ Knows enough □ Knows some □ Knows a little □ Doesn’t know at all
□5 □4 □3 □2 □1
32. Please specify the toxic dose of your current medication.
□ Fully aware □ Knows enough □ Knows some □ Knows a little □ Doesn’t know at all
□5 □4 □3 □2 □1
33. Please calculate how long your remaining psychotropic medication will last.
□ Fully aware □ Knows enough □ Knows some □ Knows a little □ Doesn’t know at all
□5 □4 □3 □2 □1
34. Please state the expiration date of your current psychotropic medication.
□ Fully aware □ Knows enough □ Knows some □ Knows a little □ Doesn’t know at all
□5 □4 □3 □2 □1
35. Please state the date of your next follow-up appointment as agreed upon with your doctor.
□ Fully aware □ Knows enough □ Knows some □ Knows a little □ Doesn’t know at all
□5 □4 □3 □2 □1
Totals:

*, Indicates multiple-choice questions. Each question includes detailed scoring criteria, which can be converted to a five-point Likert scale. Scoring details supporting this scale are available from the corresponding author upon reasonable request. Reference options: In this question, you can select one or more answers based on the actual situation. Totals: Represents the sum or total of the scores of all items.