TABLE 1.
Features of included studies.
| Study ID | Sample size, n | Age (years), mean ± SD | Male/Female, n | Intervention | Evaluation indicators | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Experimental | Control | Exp erimental | Control | Experimental | Control | Experimental | Control | ||
| Yang et al. (2012) | 30 | 30 | NA | NA | NA | NA | LCBE enteric-coated capsules + Diamine glycyrrhizinate enteric-coated capsules | Diamine glycyrrhizinate enteric-coated capsules | ALT, Endotoxin, TNF-α, IL-6 |
| Zhao et al. (2013) | 30 | 30 | 43.6 ± 12.4 | 45.7 ± 7.3 | 22/8 | 24/6 | LCBE enteric-coated capsules + Atomolan + Polyene phosphatidylcholine capsule | Atomolan + Polyene phosphatidylcholine capsule | ALT, TNF-α |
| Luo et al. (2014) | 41 | 44 | 41.8 ± 10.8 | 42.6 ± 6.2 | 29/12 | 32/12 | LCBE enteric-coated capsules + Bicyclol tablet | Bicyclol tablet | AST, ALT, GGT, TG, TC, TNF-α |
| Hu et al. (2015) | 53 | 54 | 40.0 ± 12.2 | 39.6 ± 11.0 | 30/23 | 35/19 | LCBE enteric-coated capsules + Xuezhikang capsule + Glucurolactone | Xuezhikang capsule + Glucurolactone | Effective rate, BMI, AST, ALT, TC |
| Yang (2015) | 39 | 39 | 42.1 ± 4.6 | 41.9 ± 4.4 | 25/14 | 23/16 | LCBE enteric-coated capsules + Diamine glycyrrhizinate enteric-coated capsules | Diamine glycyrrhizinate enteric-coated capsules | ALT, GGT, TG, TC, HDL-C, LDL-C, Endotoxin |
| Yi and Zeng (2015) | 40 | 40 | 47.6 ± 4.5 | 46.7 ± 3.7 | 30/10 | 31/9 | LCBE enteric-coated capsules + Atomolan + Polyene phosphatidylcholine capsule | Atomolan + Polyene phosphatidylcholine capsule | AST, ALT, GGT, TNF-α |
| Mei et al. (2016) | 44 | 44 | 57.3 ± 5.8 | 54.6 ± 5.2 | 21/23 | 19/25 | LCBE enteric-coated capsules + Basic treatment | Basic treatment | Effective rate, ALT, TG, Endotoxin, TNF-α |
| He et al. (2017) | 35 | 35 | 62.1 ± 10.4 | 63.0 ± 10.7 | 18/17 | 20/15 | LCBE enteric-coated capsules + Polyene phosphatidylcholine capsule | Polyene phosphatidylcholine capsule | BMI, AST, ALT, TG, TC |
| Zhan et al. (2017) | 37 | 35 | NA | NA | NA | NA | LCBE enteric-coated capsules + Polyene phosphatidylcholine capsule + Vitamin E soft capsules | Polyene phosphatidylcholine capsule + Vitamin E soft capsules | Normal and light fatty liver rate, FBG, AST, ALT, GGT, TG, TC, HDL-C, LDL-C, Endotoxin, CRP, TNF-α, IL-6 |
| Zhao (2017) | 60 | 60 | NA | NA | NA | NA | LCBE enteric-coated capsules + Fufang Danshen injection | Fufang Danshen injection | AST, ALT, TG, TC, HDL-C, LDL-C |
| Liu et al. (2018) | 39 | 39 | NA | NA | NA | NA | LCBE enteric-coated capsules + Polyene phosphatidylcholine capsule | Polyene phosphatidylcholine capsule | Normal and light fatty liver rate, TG, TC, HDL-C, LDL-C |
| Wang et al. (2018) | 59 | 59 | 50.7 ± 7.8 | 50.2 ± 7.7 | 40/19 | 41/18 | LCBE enteric-coated capsules + Polyene phosphatidylcholine capsule | Polyene phosphatidylcholine capsule | Effective rate, AST, ALT, GGT, TG, TC, HDL-C, LDL-C, TNF-α, IL-6 |
| Wang (2018) | 50 | 50 | 42.2 ± 5.8 | 44.3 ± 4.7 | 35/15 | 34/16 | LCBE enteric-coated capsules + Polyene phosphatidylcholine capsule | Polyene phosphatidylcholine capsule | FBG, AST, ALT, TG, TC, HDL-C, LDL-C, TNF-α |
| Deng (2020) | 47 | 47 | 49.4 ± 4.6 | 50.0 ± 4.6 | 35/12 | 33/14 | LCBE enteric-coated capsules + Polyene phosphatidylcholine capsule | Polyene phosphatidylcholine capsule | Effective rate, AST, ALT, TG, TC |
| Sun et al. (2020) | 52 | 52 | 43.8 ± 7.9 | 44.1 ± 8.2 | 27/25 | 26/26 | LCBE enteric-coated capsules + Polyene phosphatidylcholine capsule | Polyene phosphatidylcholine capsule | FBG, AST, ALT, TG, TC, HDL-C, LDL-C |
| Xu (2020) | 42 | 42 | 41.3 ± 4.6 | 41.4 ± 4.6 | 28/14 | 27/15 | LCBE enteric-coated capsules + Polyene phosphatidylcholine capsule + Bicyclol tablet | Polyene phosphatidylcholine capsule + Bicyclol tablet | Effective rate, BMI, AST, ALT |
| Zhang (2021) | 30 | 30 | 41.7 ± 3.3 | 41.2 ± 3.5 | 16/14 | 17/13 | LCBE enteric-coated capsules + Bifid Tiple Viable | Bifid Tiple Viable | FBG, AST, ALT, GGT, Endotoxin, CRP, TNF-α |
| Xue et al. (2022) | 49 | 49 | 41.3 ± 7.5 | 41.8 ± 6.2 | 30/19 | 29/20 | LCBE enteric-coated capsules + Exenatide | Exenatide | ALT, GGT, TG, TC, HDL-C, LDL-C, Endotoxin |
| Li et al. (2023) | 46 | 47 | 40.1 ± 13.9 | 40.4 ± 13.9 | 27/19 | 32/15 | LCBE enteric-coated capsules + Bicyclol tablet | Bicyclol tablet | Effective rate, Normal and light fatty liver rate, BMI, AST, ALT, GGT, TG, TC, IL-6 |
| Wang and Dai (2023) | 30 | 30 | 45.8 ± 6.9 | 45.0 ± 7.6 | 16/14 | 17/13 | LCBE enteric-coated capsules + Bicyclol tablet | Bicyclol tablet | AST, ALT, TG, TC, HDL-C, LDL-C, CRP, IL-6 |
| Liu et al. (2024) | 38 | 36 | 35.4 ± 6.1 | 34.8 ± 5.9 | 22/16 | 22/14 | LCBE enteric-coated capsules + Lifestyle modification | Lifestyle modification | Effective rate, BMI, FBG, AST, ALT, TG, TC, LDL-C, Endotoxin, TNF-α |
SD, standard deviation; NA, not available; LCBE, live combined bacillus subtilis and enterococcus faecium; ALT, alanine aminotransferase; TNF-α, tumor necrosis factor-alpha; IL-6, interleukin-6; AST, aspartate transaminase; GGT, gamma-glutamyl transferase; TG, triglyceride; TC, total cholesterol; BMI, body mass index; HDL-C, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol; LDL-C, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol; FBG, fasting blood glucose; CRP, C-reactive protein.