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. 2025 May 27;12:1590971. doi: 10.3389/fmed.2025.1590971

TABLE 2.

Subgroup analysis of the prevalence of FI in CD patients.

Subgroups Number of included studies Heterogeneity study Prevalence
I2 P
Sample source
Online 4 87.7% <0.001 52.3% (45.3%, 59.3%)
Offline 11 98.7% <0.001 28.9% (17.7%, 41.7%)
Study type
Cross-sectional study 11 99.1% <0.001 41.7% (28.0%, 56.2%)
Cohort study 4 96.3% <0.001 17.7% (6.7%, 32.5%)
Diagnostic criteria
Patient report 5 99.1% <0.001 24.5% (4.7%, 52.9%)
Professional instrument 10 99.0% <0.001 40.2% (27.2%, 53.9%)