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. 2025 Jun 5;18:2775–2790. doi: 10.2147/JPR.S514719

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© 2025 Liu et al.

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SCS model and experimental procedure. (A) SCS model. (B) SCS electrode placement, confirmed by X-ray (T10-T12 level). (C–H) Experimental procedures for the different treatment groups. D0, Baseline PWT and PWL values. D1, Construction of the CCI models. D7, SCS electrodes were placed at positions T10-T12 of the rat spinal cord. D10-D14, SCS stimulation for 3 h per day for 5 days. Stimulation parameters: frequency, 50 hz; pulse width, 200 μs; intensity, 80% MoT. D12, intrathecal administration of Cav2.2 agonist and ORL-1 inhibitor. D14, Sample collection. PWT and PWL values were determined at D0, D3, D5, D7, and D10-D14.