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. 2025 May 27;16:1607404. doi: 10.3389/fpls.2025.1607404

Table 2.

Changes in soil physical properties between and under panels with different vegetation restoration measures.

Parament Location Leymus chinensis (LC) Glycyrrhiza uralensis (GU) Artemisia ordosica (AO) Hedysarum scoparium (HS) Control (CK) F value
Clay (%) Between panels 97.22 ± 0.10c 97.7 ± 0.08b 99.36 ± 0.36a 99.29 ± 0.35a 99.56 ± 0.28a 51.59**
Under panels 97.81 ± 0.20c 98.84 ± 0.07b 99.47 ± 0.07a 99.24 ± 0.11a 99.56 ± 0.28a 53.61**
Silt sand (%) Between panels 2.78 ± 0.10a 2.30 ± 0.08b 0.64 ± 0.36c 0.71 ± 0.35c 0.44 ± 0.28c 51.59**
Under panels 2.19 ± 0.20a 1.16 ± 0.07b 0.53 ± 0.07c 0.76 ± 0.11c 0.44 ± 0.28c 53.61**
Bulk density (BD) (g·cm-3) Between panels 1.53 ± 0.02bc 1.52 ± 0.01c 1.57 ± 0.11bc 1.60 ± 0.02ab 1.68 ± 0.02a 5.59
Under panels 1.52 ± 0.02c 1.47 ± 0.02bc 1.56 ± 0.06bc 1.59 ± 0.04b 1.68 ± 0.06a 8.98*
Soil porosity (SP) (%) Between panels 23.29 ± 0.44a 22.73 ± 0.80ab 21.59 ± 1.03b 22.79 ± 0.21ab 22.49 ± 0.37ab 4.27
Under panels 23.55 ± 0.11a 20.87 ± 0.53c 22.47 ± 0.50b 24.11 ± 0.73a 22.49 ± 0.37b 18.86**
Moisture content (MC) (%) Between panels 1.77 ± 0.05a 1.42 ± 0.42b 1.89 ± 0.35a 1.74 ± 0.06a 1.04 ± 0.26b 13.80**
Under panels 2.87 ± 0.10a 1.58 ± 0.04d 1.93 ± 0.34b 1.90 ± 0.13b 1.04 ± 0.26c 55.93**
Saturated Hydraulic Conductivity (Ks) (%) Between panels 15.23 ± 0.12a 14.96 ± 0.62ab 13.72 ± 0.55cd 14.25 ± 0.28bc 13.39 ± 0.34d 10.40*
Under panels 15.49 ± 0.14a 14.22 ± 0.19b 14.40 ± 0.55b 15.17 ± 0.16a 13.39 ± 0.34c 20.55**
Capillary Water Content (CWC) (%) Between panels 13.88 ± 0.04a 13.59 ± 0.27a 11.77 ± 0.69b 12.44 ± 0.23b 7.54 ± 0.81c 77.06**
Under panels 13.65 ± 0.08a 12.94 ± 0.17a 11.32 ± 1.63b 12.76 ± 0.31ab 7.54 ± 0.81c 25.94**
Field Water Content (FC) (%) Between panels 5.16 ± 0.0b 9.91 ± 0.16a 8.92 ± 1.14a 8.53 ± 0.60a 4.56 ± 0.40b 27.93**
Under panels 4.66 ± 0.10b 8.78 ± 1.09a 7.42 ± 0.51a 8.76 ± 0.34a 4.56 ± 0.40b 8.55*

Values in each column with the same letter are not significantly (P > 0.05, LSD) different among the vegetation restoration measures. **Significant at the 0.01 level and * Significant at the 0.05 level.