Skip to main content
. 2025 May 15;26:200424. doi: 10.1016/j.ijcrp.2025.200424

Table 1.

Basic characteristics of the included studies in the systematic review and meta-analysis.

Studies Country Study Design Participant Gender (M/F) Sample size (Int./Cont.) Trial Duration Age (Int.) Age (Cont.) BMI (Int.) BMI (Cont.) Q10 (mg/day) Control
Kamikawa et al. (1985) [1] Japan RCT, DB CVD M: 10 24 (12/12) 4 weeks 54.7 ± 9.39 55.5 ± 6.36 NR NR 150 Placebo
F: 2
Andersen et al. (1997) [2] Denmark RCT, DB D1DM M: 19 34 (17/17) 12 weeks 35 ± 8.24 35.3 ± 9.89 23.5 ± 2.88 24 ± 2.47 100 Placebo
F: 15
Eriksson et al. (1999) [3] Finland RCT, DB T2DM NR 23 (12/11) 24 weeks 65 ± 17.32 64 ± 23.21 29 ± 14.54 29.8 ± 11.27 200 Placebo
Henriksen et al. (1999) [4] Denmark RCT, DB D1DM M: 19 34 (17/17) 12 weeks 35.5 ± 8.2 35.3 ± 10 23.5 ± 2.7 24.0 ± 2.6 100 Placebo
F: 15
Burke et al. (2001) [5] America RCT, DB Isolated Systolic Hypertension M: 39 71 (39/32) 12 weeks 69.7 ± 25.6 67.3 ± 19.23 24 ± 11.86 23 ± 12.44 120 Placebo
F: 32
Hodgson et al. (2002) [6] Australia RCT, DB T2DM/Dyslipidemia M: 30 37 (19/18) 12 weeks 52.3 ± 6.1 55.2 ± 9.75 NR NR 200 Placebo
F: 7
Hodgson et al. (2002) [6] Australia RCT, DB T2DM/Dyslipidemia M: 31 37 (19/18) 12 weeks 51.7 ± 6.97 53.6 ± 10.18 NR NR 200 Fenofibrate
F: 6
Playford et al. (2003) [7] Australia RCT, DB T2DM/Dyslipidemia M: 33 40 (20/20) 12 weeks 52.7 ± 6.25 54.7 ± 9.38 29.9 ± 3.13 30.9 ± 4.47 200 Placebo
F: 7
Playford et al. (2003) [7] Australia RCT, DB T2DM/Dyslipidemia M: 32 40 (20/20) 12 weeks 52.7 ± 8.04 53.5 ± 9.83 30.3 ± 4.02 30 ± 3.57 200 Fenofibrate
F: 8
Ikematsu et al. (2006) [8] Japan RCT, DB Healthy M: 20 41 (21/20) 4 weeks NR NR NR NR 300 Placebo
F: 21
Ikematsu et al. (2006) [8] Japan RCT, DB Healthy M: 20 42 (22/20) 4 weeks NR NR NR NR 600 Placebo
F: 22
Ikematsu et al. (2006) [8] Japan RCT, DB Healthy M: 31 42 (22/20) 4 weeks NR NR NR NR 900 Placebo
F: 11
Chew et al. (2008) [9] Australia RCT, DB T2DM M: 27 36 (16/20) 24 weeks 61.3 ± 4.1 62.4 ± 8.8 30.1 ± 4.6 30.7 ± 5.0 200 Placebo
F: 9
Chew et al. (2008) [9] Australia RCT, DB T2DM M: 26 38 (19/19) 24 weeks 63 ± 9.4 64.8 ± 7.3 30.1 ± 4.6 29.9 ± 5.6 200 Fenofibrate
F: 12
Lim et al. (2008) [10] Singapore RCT, DB T2DM M: 39 80 (40/40) 12 weeks 54 ± 9 53 ± 9 24.8 ± 5.5 25.2 ± 3.4 200 Placebo
F: 41
Mizuno et al. (2008) [11] Japan RCT, Crossover, DB Healthy M: 8 17 8 days 37.5 ± 9.9 37.5 ± 9.9 21.9 ± 4 21.9 ± 4 100 & 300 Placebo
F: 9
Hamilton et al. (2009) [12] Australia Crossover-DB T2DM M: NR 23 (NR) 12 weeks 68 ± 6 68 ± 6 29 ± 4 29 ± 4 200 Placebo
F: NR
Mori et al. (2009) [13] Australia RCT, DB CKD M: 25 36 (21/15) 8 weeks 55.4 ± 12.37 58.6 ± 10.06 26.6 ± 4.12 27.6 ± 6.58 200 Placebo
F: 11
Mori et al. (2009) [13] Australia RCT, DB CKD M: 29 38 (18/20) 8 weeks 56.9 ± 16.54 53.3 ± 14.31 27.9 ± 3.39 26.7 ± 5.36 200 Omega 3FA
F: 9
Lee et al. (2011) [14] Korea RCT, DB Obese M: 21 51 (26/25) 12 weeks 42.7 ± 11.3 42.5 ± 11.2 27.9 ± 2.3 27.6 ± 3.8 200 Placebo
F: 30
Dai et al. (2011) [15] China RCT, DB CVD M: 52 56 (28/28) 8 weeks 67.7 ± 9.4 70.1 ± 9.8 25.3 ± 3.2 24.7 ± 3.2 300 Placebo
F: 4
Young et al. (2012) [16] New Zealand RCT, Crossover, DB Hypertensive/MetS M: 15 30 (15/15) 12 weeks 64 ± 5.47 64 ± 5.47 32.1 ± 4.92 32.1 ± 4.92 200 Placebo
F: 15
Mortensen et al. (2014) [17] Denmark RCT, DB Heart failure M: 305 420 (202/218) 96 weeks 62.3 ± 12 62.3 ± 11 28 ± 5 28 ± 6 300 Placebo
F: 115
Mohseni et al. (2014) [18] Iran RCT, DB Hyperlipidemia/MI M: 39 52 (26/26) 12 weeks 60 ± 8 61 ± 7 25.91 ± 2.53 26 ± 3.34 200 Placebo
F: 13
Holloway et al. (2014) [19] UK RCT, Cross-over Healthy M: 10 23 (12/11) 3 weeks 48.5 ± 14.9 43.1 ± 15.5 24.3 ± 3.6 24.7 ± 4.6 300 Control + Trek
F: 13
Abdollahzad et al. (2015) [20] Iran RCT, DB Rheumatoid arthritis M: 6 45 (22/23) 8 weeks 48.77 ± 11.58 50.41 ± 11.28 NR NR 100 Placebo
F: 39
Zhang et al. (2017) [21] China RCT, DB Dyslipidemia M: 32 101 (51/50) 24 weeks 51.78 ± 8.92 50.02 ± 10.91 25.23 ± 3.96 24.91 ± 3.32 120 Placebo
F: 69
Singh et al. (2018) [22] India RCT, DB CVD M: 45 55 (27/28) 24 weeks 48.5 ± 9.5 48.7 ± 9.3 NR NR 120 Vitamin B
F: 10
Zarei et al. (2018) [23] Iran RCT, DB T2DM M: 0 68 (34/34) 12 weeks 53.1 ± 36.32 53.35 ± 38.24 36.44 ± 3.32 32.56 ± 3.55 100 Placebo
F: 68
Sedeh et al. (2018) [24] Iran RCT, DB T2DM M: 39 68 (34/34) 72 weeks 60.2 ± 11.4 54.3 ± 9.6 NR NR 100 Placebo
F: 29
Suzuki et al. (2019) [25] Japan RCT, DB Healthy M: 17 41 (21/20) 12 weeks 67 ± 4.2 66.2 ± 3.2 24.2 ± 3.9 24.2 ± 3.2 150 Placebo
F: 24
Kuhlman et al. (2019) [26] Denmark RCT, DB Simvastatin user M: 22 35 (18/17) 8 weeks 62 ± 4.24 61 ± 8.24 27.7 ± 2.54 28.8 ± 2.88 400 Placebo
F: 13
Gholami et al. (2019) [27] Iran RCT, DB T2DM M: 0 68 (34/34) 12 weeks 52.97 ± 6.14 53.68 ± 6.74 29.3 ± 3.54 28.51 ± 3.07 100 Placebo
F: 70
Izadi et al. (2019) [28] Iran RCT, DB PCOS M: 0 43 (22/21) 8 weeks 27.64 ± 5.2 26 ± 4.53 28.97 ± 2.95 28.73 ± 3.39 200 Placebo
F: 43
Izadi et al. (2019) [28] Iran RCT, DB PCOS M: 0 43 (21/22) 8 weeks 28.33 ± 5.52 27.18 ± 5.77 29.28 ± 3.23 29.28 ± 4.24 200 Vit E
F: 43
Mortensen et al. (2019) [29] Australia RCT, DB Heart failure M: 177 231 (108/123) 96 weeks 65.7 ± 10 64 ± 12 29 ± 5 29 ± 7 300 Placebo
F: 54
Kawashima et al. (2020) [30] Japan RCT, Crossover, DB Heart failure M: 12 14 (5/9) 12 weeks 70 ± 9 70 ± 9 NR NR 400 Placebo
F: 2
Yesser et al. (2021) [31] Iraq RCT Dyslipidemia NR 39 (20/19) 12 weeks 59.24 ± 5.57 58.11 ± 7.1 32.59 ± 4.59 30.52 ± 4.99 200 Atorvastatin
Farsi et al. (2021) [32] Iraq RCT, DB Ulcerative colitis M: 44 86 (43/43) 8 weeks 38.39 ± 8.79 40.18 ± 11.46 24.92 ± 3.43 25.41 ± 2.89 200 Placebo
F: 42
Dawood et al. (2021) [33] Iraq RCT Prehypertensive M: 30 50 (25/25) 12 weeks NR NR NR NR 200 Placebo
F: 20
Kunching et al. (2021) [34] Thailand RCT, DB Overweight, obesity NR 28 (14/14) 6 weeks 26.1 ± 2.7 24.5 ± 2.6 26.1 ± 2.3 25.7 ± 2 200 Placebo
Kunching et al. (2022) [35] Thailand RCT, DB Trained men M: 29 29 (15/14) 6 weeks 23.5 ± 8.13 22.8 ± 8.6 23.1 ± 1.54 22.8 ± 0.74 200 Maltodextrin
F: 0
Masoumi-Ardakani et al. (2022) [36] Iran RCT, DB HTN M: 26 26 (13/13) 6 weeks 49 ± 2.52 49 ± 2.52 27 ± 1.8 26 ± 1.8 20 Placebo
F: 0
Masoumi-Ardakani et al. (2022) [36] Iran RCT, DB HTN M: 26 26 (13/13) 6 weeks 47 ± 3.96 48 ± 3.24 27 ± 1.44 26 ± 1.44 20 ET
F: 0
Kuhlman et al. (2022) [37] Denmark RCT, DB Simvastatin user M: 19 19 (9/10) 8 weeks 56 ± 8 56 ± 9 28.6 ± 2.4 27.5 ± 2.2 400 Placebo + Simvastatin
F: 0
Sangouni et al. (2023) [38] Iran RCT, DB MetS M: 28 44 (22/22) 12 weeks 39 ± 4.5 39.5 ± 5 30.7 ± 4.9 30 ± 4.7 60 Placebo
F: 16
Elsharkawy et al. (2023) [39] Egypt RCT, SB Acute aluminum phosphide poisoning M: 17 56 (28/28) 12 h NR NR NR NR 1200 Coconut oil
F: 39
Kirkman et al. (2023) [40] USA RCT, DB CKD M: 15 18 (10/8) 4 weeks 61 64 NR NR 20 Placebo
F: 3
Vrentzos et al. (2024) [41] Greece RCT, DB MASLD M: 33 60 (30/30) 24 weeks 51 ± 10 53 ± 11 32 ± 5.8 31.4 ± 4.4 240 Placebo
F: 27
Fogacci et al. (2024) [42] Italy RCT, DB Statin-Associated Asthenia M: 33 60 (30/30) 8 3weeks 74 ± 2 73 ± 3 24 ± 1 25 ± 1 300 Placebo
F: 27
Casagrande et al. (2024) [43] Brazil RCT, DB NAFLD, MetS M: 0 22 (11/11) 12 weeks 41.5 ± 5.94 38.8 ± 6.91 32.88 ± 5.5 36.93 ± 7.2 200 Placebo
F: 22
Kiani et al. (2024) [44] Iran RCT, DB Burn patients M: 42 60 (30/30) 10 days 34.9 ± 10.77 36.77 ± 11 26.23 ± 5.57 24.43 ± 3.51 300 Placebo
F: 18
Al-Thanoon et al. (2024) [45] Iraq RCT, DB Pollution-exposed Workers M: 131 132 (72/60) 8 weeks 42 ± 8 35 ± 5 29.11 ± 4.68 27.38 ± 4.69 200 Placebo
F: 0

(RCT: randomized controlled trial; PC: placebo-control; S: single-blind; DB: double-blind; M: male; F: female; Int. Intervention; Cont.: control; NAFLD: non-alcoholic fatty liver disease; CVD: cardiovascular disease; T1DM: type 1 diabetes Mellitus; T2DM: diabetes Mellitus; CKD: chronic kidney disease; HF: heart failure; MetS: metabolic syndrome; PCOS: polycystic ovary syndrome).