Table 6.
circRNA and snoRNA-mediated Regulation of Glutathione Metabolic Pathways in Cancer.
| RNA | Target | Redox Enzymes Affected | GSH Level | Oxidative Stress | Cancer Type | Regulation | Effect | Ref |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| circ0060467 | miR-6805 | GPX4 | ↓ (implied by ↑ ferroptosis) | ↑ | HCC | Acts as a ceRNA to sponge miR-6805 and upregulates AIFM2 & GPX4 | Promotes cancer progression, inhibits ferroptosis | [128] |
| circKIF4A | miR-1231 | GPX4 | ↓ (implied by ↑ ferroptosis) | ↑ | PTC | Sequesters miR-1231 and upregulates GPX4 | Promotes cancer progression | [131] |
| circBLNK | miR-188–3p | GPX4 | ↓ (implied by ↑ ferroptosis) | ↑ | OS | Sequesters miR-188–3p and upregulates GPX4 | Promotes cancer progression, inhibits ferroptosis | [132] |
| circ_WASF2 | miR-634 | GPX4 | ↓ (implied by ↑ ferroptosis) | ↑ | PC | Sequesters miR-634 and upregulates GPX4 | Promotes cancer progression, inhibits ferroptosis | [138] |
| circMYH9 | hnRNPA2B1 | PHGDH | ↑ | ↓ | CRC | recruits hnRNPA2B1 to down-regulate p53, activates PHGDH | Promotes cancer progression | [205] |
| crVDAC3 | HSPB1(Blocks ubiquitination) | SLC7A11 | ↑ | ↓ | HER2-low breast cancer | inhibits HSPB1 ubiquitination and degradation | Promotes cancer progression and T-DXd resistance, inhibits ferroptosis | [206] |
| cTRIP12 | OGT | OGT, FTH | ↑ | ↓ | PDAC | activates O-GlcNAcylation of OGT, upregulates FTH and PD-L1 | Promotes cancer progression and immune escape, inhibits ferroptosis | [207] |
| circADARB1 | miR-615–5p | SLC7A11, GPX4 | ↑ | ↓ | NPC | Acts as a ceRNA to sponge miR-615–5p and upregulates HSP90B1/SLC7A11/GPX4 pathway | Promotes cancer progression and radiotherapy resistance, inhibits ferroptosis | [208] |
| circP4HB | miR-1184 | SLC7A11 | ↑ | ↓ | LUAD | Acts as a ceRNA to sponge miR-1184 and upregulates SLC7A11 | Promotes cancer progression and erastin resistance, inhibits ferroptosis | [209] |
| circ_0005397 | PCBP2 | SLC7A11, GPX4 | ↑ | ↓ | PC | Recruits KAT6A to mediate H3K9 acetylation of PCBP2 promoter | Promotes cancer progression, inhibits ferroptosis | [210] |
| circLRFN5 | PRRX2 | GCH1 | ↓ | ↑ | GBM | Promotes PRRX2 ubiquitination, blocks GCH1 transcription | Inhibits cancer progression, induces ferroptosis | [211] |
| SNORA56 | 28S rRNA | GCLC | ↑ | ↓ | CRC | mediates pseuduridine acidification of 28S rRNA, upregulates GCLC | Promotes cancer progression, inhibits ferroptosis | [215] |
GPX4, Glutathione peroxidase 4; HCC, Hepatocellular carcinoma; PTC, Papillary thyroid carcinoma; OS, Osteosarcoma; PC, Pancreatic cancer; CRC, Colorectal cancer; PHGDH, Phosphoglycerate dehydrogenase; crVDAC3, VDAC3-derived circRNA; HSPB1, Heat Shock Protein Family B (Small) Member 1; T-DXd, Trastuzumab deruxtecan; cTRIP12, circTRIP12; PDAC, Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma; OGT, O-linked N-acetylglucosamine transferase; FTH, Ferritin heavy chain; NPC, Nasopharyngeal carcinoma; SLC7A11, Solute carrier family 7 member 11 (cystine/glutamate transporter, xCT); LUAD, Lung adenocarcinoma; PCBP2, Poly (RC) Binding Protein 2; GBM, glioblastoma; GCH1, GTP Cyclohydrolase 1; GCLC, Glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit; SNORA56, Small Nucleolar RNA, H/ACA Box 56; rRNA, ribosomal RNA.